修剪和摘芽对川西云杉采穗母树穗条产量和质量的影响  

Effects of pruning and bud removal on the yield and quality of spike strips of Picea likiangensis var.rubescens

作　　者：张保全 胡勐鸿 欧阳芳群 吕寻 王军辉[5,6] ZHANG Baoquan;HU Menghong;OUYANG Fangqun;LYU Xun;WANG Junhui(Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Secondary Forest Cultivation,Xiaolong Mountain Research Institute of Forestry,Tianshui 741022,Gansu,China;Gansu Xiaolongshan Forest Ecosystem National Positioning Observation and Research Station,Xiaolong Mountain Research Institute of Forestry,Tianshui 741022,Gansu,China;Beijing Floriculture Engineering Technology Research Centre,Beijing Botanical Garden,Beijing 100093,China;Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment,Beijing Botanical Garden,Beijing 100093,China;State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding,Research Institute of Forestry,Chinese Academy of Forestry,Beijing 100091,China;Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of State Forestry and Grassland Administration,Research Institute of Forestry,Chinese Academy of Forestry,Beijing 100091,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃省小陇山林业科学研究所甘肃省次生林重点培育实验室,甘肃天水741022 [2]甘肃省小陇山林业科学研究所甘肃小陇山森林生态系统国家定位观测研究站,甘肃天水741022 [3]北京市植物园管理处北京市花卉园艺工程技术研究中心,北京100093 [4]北京市植物园管理处城乡生态环境北京实验室,北京100093 [5]中国林业科学研究院林业研究所林木遗传育种国家重点实验室,北京100091 [6]中国林业科学研究院林业研究所国家林业和草原局林木培育重点实验室,北京100091

出　　处：《中南林业科技大学学报》2023年第1期33-42,共10页Journal of Central South University of Forestry & Technology

基　　金：甘肃省林业和草原科技计划项目(2022kj048);中央财政林木良种繁育补助项目。

摘　　要：【目的】通过采取栽培管理措施提高川西云杉Picea likiangensis var.rubescens幼龄采穗母树穗条产量和质量,为优化云杉幼龄母树栽培管理措施提供参考依据。【方法】在甘肃省小陇山沙坝国家云杉种质资源库川西云杉超级苗(实生苗)采穗圃,选择树势基本一致的8年生采穗母树,于芽萌动前(4月中旬),采用随机区组试验设计,进行修剪、修剪+摘芽、修剪+保留枝条(1/3长、1/2长、2/3长)等处理,研究其对采穗母树穗条数量、质量和冬芽数的影响。11月调查试验母树上当年生长度≥5 cm的枝条数量、质量(基部直径和长度)和冬芽数(含可发育成枝条的隐芽)。【结果】不同处理对川西云杉母树当年顶层轮生枝主干上的长短枝数量的影响差异不显著(P>0.05),对其他枝条数量的影响差异显著(P<0.05)。不同处理后采穗母树当年生长度≥5 cm的总枝条数均显著低于对照,但母树当年新生枝条的增粗和伸长生长均被促进,随着新生枝条的伸长,枝条上的平均芽数增多。不同处理中,修剪+摘芽的处理效果最好,其枝条基部平均直径达到(5.29±1.22)mm,平均长度为(16.28±3.30)cm,枝条上的平均冬芽数为(7±2)个·条^(-1),枝条上的平均冬芽数是对照的2.33倍。修剪+摘芽处理和重度修剪保留枝条的处理能有效刺激母树隐芽发育,隐芽数分别是(27±6)和(18±3)个·株^(-1),是对照的5.4和3.6倍。修剪+摘芽处理的冬芽数最多,达到(381±27)个·株^(-1),其次是只进行修剪处理,为(351±14)个·株^(-1)。由于不同处理既减少了当年可萌发成枝条的芽数,同时刺激了部分隐芽发育形成枝条,不同处理对川西云杉采穗母树当年穗条产量和冬芽数的影响分别有正向和负向的作用。【结论】修剪+摘芽处理有效促进了川西云杉采穗母树当年枝条径向和纵向生长,母树当年可采穗条质量显著提高,母树冬芽数最多,是既有利于当年采穗扦插又【Objective】This study was designed to improve the yield and quality of young spruce cuttings(Picea likiangensis var.balfouriana)by taking cultivation and management measures,to provide a reference for optimizing the cultivation and management measures of Picea likiangensis var.rubescens.【Method】The 8a mother trees from the Xiaolongshan Shaba National Spruce Germplasm Resource Bank in Gansu Province were selected as the experimental materials.Before budding(mid-April),a randomized block design was used to study the effects of pruning,pruning+bud removal,pruning+bud retaining(1/3 length,1/2 length,2/3 length)on the number and quality of spike strips and the number of winter buds.The number and quality(basal diameter and length)of the branches with the length≥5 cm as well as the number of winter buds(including hidden buds that can develop into branches)of the current year were investigated in November.【Result】The effects of different treatments on the number of top whorls and long and short branches on the trunk branches of the mother tree of Picea likiangensis var.rubescens were not significantly different(P>0.05),while their effects on the number of other branches were significantly different(P<0.05).The total number of branches with length≥5 cm of the mother tree was significantly lower than that of the control after different treatments.However,the thickness and elongation of new branches of the mother tree in the same year were promoted,and the average number of buds on the branches increased with the elongation of new branches.Among different treatments,the effect of pruning+bud removal was the best.The average diameter of the branch base was(5.29±1.22)mm,which average length was(16.28±3.30)cm,and the average number of winter buds on the branch was(7±2)per plant,which was 2.33 times higher than that of the control.The pruning+bud removal treatment had the largest number of winter buds at(381±27)per plant,followed by the pruning treatment,which was(351±14)per plant.As different treatments n

关 键 词：川西云杉 摘芽 修剪 穗条质量 穗条产量 冬芽数量 

分 类 号：S722.81[农业科学—林木遗传育种]