碳达峰目标下碳排放影响评价的政策与制度探索  

Policy and System Exploration of Carbon Emission Impact Assessment under Carbon Peak Target

作　　者：陈娟丽[1] 郝艳 CHEN Juanli;HAO Yan(School of Economics and Law,Northwest University of Political Science and Law,Xi’an 710122,Shaanxi,China)

机构地区：[1]西北政法大学经济法学院,陕西西安710122

出　　处：《中南林业科技大学学报（社会科学版）》2022年第6期48-55,共8页Journal of Central South University of Forestry & Technology（Social Sciences）

基　　金：国家社科基金一般项目“环境健康权保障法律问题研究”(21BFX133);陕西省哲学社科重大理论与现实问题研究项目“碳中和愿景下推进REDD+机制实施的法律问题研究”(2021ND0393)。

摘　　要：在碳达峰目标下,碳排放影响评价已经成为环评领域的新课题。碳排放影响评价的国家政策以应对气候变化的中国立场为指引,以国内碳减排刚性需求为参照,形成强导向性的行业制度风向标,地方政策也围绕国家政策对环评工作提出更具体的要求。当前法律规范还未对碳排放影响评价做出规定,技术性的评价模式仍需实践探索,二氧化碳是否认定污染物属性还存在争议,环评行政管理与监督措施还不够完善。这些都制约着碳排放影响评价规范化、制度化和法律化的进程。碳排放影响评价制度构建需要环评制度的理念转型,需要更新排污许可制度、清洁生产制度,新设碳排放数据公开制度,还需要对环评技术、参照标准进行修订或细化,并合理运用司法审查保障碳排放影响评价的良性运行。Under the goal of carbon peak,carbon emission impact assessment has become a new subject in the field of environmental impact assessment.The national policy of carbon emission impact assessment is guided by China’s position on addressing climate change and takes the rigid demand for carbon emission reduction as a reference to form a strongly guided industrial system vane.Local policies also put forward more specific requirements for the EIA work around national policies.The current legal norms have not made provisions on carbon emission impact assessment,and the technical assessment mode still needs to be explored in practice.Whether carbon dioxide should be identified as a pollutant is still controversial,and the EIA administrative management and supervision measures are not perfect enough.All these restrict the process of standardization,institutionalization and legalization of carbon emission impact assessment.The construction of the carbon emission impact assessment system requires the transformation of the concept of the EIA system,the updating of the emission permit system and clean production system,the establishment of a new carbon emission data disclosure system,the revision or refinement of the EIA technology and reference standards,and the rational use of judicial review to ensure the benign operation of the carbon emission impact assessment.

关 键 词：碳达峰 碳排放影响评价 政策 法律制度 

分 类 号：D922.68[政治法律—环境与资源保护法学]