全球水系格局与水网构建研究进展  

Recent progress of the global river network patterns and water network constructions

作　　者：王易初 倪晋仁[2] WANG Yi-chu;NI Jin-ren(College of Water Sciences,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China;College of Environmental Science and Engineering,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China)

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学水科学研究院,北京100875 [2]北京大学环境科学与工程学院,北京100871

出　　处：《中国环境科学》2023年第3期1074-1086,共13页China Environmental Science

基　　金：中国科学院学部咨询评议项目(2021-ZW02-A-002)。

摘　　要：在水资源时空分布不均匀、社会经济发展不均衡以及全球气候变化条件下,科学合理的水网构建已成为新时期实现水资源高效利用和促进区域可持续发展的重要途径,因此在多目标下如何把握各级水系对应水网构建的“度”也就成为当前关注的核心问题.本文回顾了全球天然水系格局、识别与表征方法、形成机制、时空分布及演化特征等方面的研究进展,分析了典型水系格局所对应的流域水资源禀赋和水资源结构特征,指出了水系格局的若干生态环境效应.进一步在对世界著名大河跨流域引水工程与骨干水网构建关系典型案例分析的基础上,指出了面向生态的水系格局优化与骨干水网构建的发展趋势.Under the conditions of uneven spatiotemporal distribution of water resources,unbalanced socioeconomic development and global climate change,water network construction has become an important way to achieve efficient utilization of water resources and promote regional sustainable development in the new era,and thus the key concern has become how to define the scale of water diversion at varying levels of river networks under multiple objectives.This paper reviews the research progress of global river networks in terms of identification and characterization methods,formation mechanism,temporal and spatial distribution and evolution characteristics,analyzes the corresponding basin water endowment and water resource structure characteristics of typical river network patterns,as well as their ecological and environmental impacts.Based on the case study of the relationships between the inter-basin diversion projects and constructions of backbone water networks,the present work prospects the development trend of the ecology-oriented optimization of water system pattern and the construction of backbone water networks.

关 键 词：水系格局 水网构建 跨流域引水 水资源配置 面向生态 

分 类 号：X52[环境科学与工程—环境工程]