面向零碳制冷与热泵的电卡复合材料及柔性制冷器件  

Electrocaloric nanocomposites and refrigerators for zero carbon refrigeration and heat pumps

作　　者：冯嘉旺 蔡玉 施骏业 钱小石 Feng Jiawang;Cai Yu;Shi Junye;Qian Xiaoshi(Interdisciplinary Research Center for Engineering Science,School of Mechanical Engineering,Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Shanghai,200240,China;Institute of Refrigeration and Cryogenic Engineering,School of Mechanical Engineering,Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Shanghai,200240,China;Institute of Mechatronics Design and Knowledgebased Engineering,School of Mechanical Engineering,Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Shanghai,200240,China)

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学机械与动力工程学院,前瞻交叉研究中心,上海200240 [2]上海交通大学机械与动力工程学院,制冷与低温工程研究所,200240 [3]上海交通大学机械与动力工程学院,机电设计与知识工程研究所,上海200240

出　　处：《南京大学学报（自然科学版）》2022年第6期925-943,共19页Journal of Nanjing University（Natural Science）

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2020YFA0711500);国家自然科学基金(52076127);上海市基础研究领域项目(22JC1401800);上海市科委原创探索项目(20Z111050009);机械系统与振动国家重点实验室自主课题(MSVZD202211)。

摘　　要：电卡效应是一种新型凝聚态制冷效应,其来源于极性材料的电致相变导致的偶极有序度的可逆调控.由于使用电容型场效应(无载流子输运),电卡制冷循环能量可逆性好、介电损耗低,在单次极化-退极化循环中材料能量回复效率接近85%.因此,电卡制冷器件具有理论能效高、制冷功率密度大、器件集成度高、易维护、噪音低和尺寸缩放可控等优点.同时,由于其直接使用电能作为驱动,无需压缩机、永磁体等触发二次能量转换,能更方便地与民用、商用环境结合.综合各项指标,电卡效应具有的潜在技术优势不容忽视,被国际上多个组织认为有望成为一种大规模应用的替代制冷方式.然而,目前电卡制冷系统所使用的各类单相材料各自存在难以突破的缺陷.为了结合不同体系材料的优势,设计并制备复合材料是领域内重要的研究方向.综述电卡制冷复合材料的发展与其在柔性制冷/热泵系统中的应用,并展望电卡固态热管理技术在一揽子零碳技术中的未来发展方向与潜力.Electrocaloric effect(ECE)leads to a novel technology of refrigeration and heat pumps utilizing condensed matter.The ECE is originated from reversible manipulation of dipolar ording during the electric field induced strutrual phase transtion of polar dielectrics.Due to the nature of a field-effect,the electrocaloric(EC)refrigeration cycle exhibit ultra-high theoretical coefficient of performance(COP),high cooling power density as well as device scalibitity,ease of maintaining,low-noise,and etc.In all reported EC materials,EC polymers are unique for their low dielectric and conduction loss,which exhibit 85%of energy recovery during the charging-discharging cycle.The EC refrigeration directly couples with the power line of electricity,without secondary energy transduction,which grants the technology a great potential working with household and industrial environment.The integration of these advantages over the conventional technologies was recognized as the promising nextgeneration refrgieration by international agencies.However,the recent development of EC devices are being still limited by the drawbacks that are inherent in the monolithic EC materials such as ceramics and polymers.Therefore it is of great significance to design and fabricate EC nanocomposites that combine advantages of individual materials.Here we will review the recent development and advances of EC nanocomposites and their bearing potential in flexible refrigeration and heat pumps.We will then look forward to the future development of EC technolgy and its contribution in zero-carbon technologies.

关 键 词：电卡制冷 复合材料 柔性制冷器件 热力学循环 热泵 

分 类 号：TB64[一般工业技术—制冷工程]