2022年“7·13”暴雨下生产道路侵蚀强度调查--以宁夏回族自治区西吉县五十岔小流域为例  

Investigation on Erosion Intensity of Production Roads Under“7·13”Rainstorm in 2020--Taking Wushicha Small Watershed at Xiji County,Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region as an Example

作　　者：阎思宇 李斌斌[2] 于坤霞[1] 丛佩娟[2] 戴宁[2] Yan Siyu;Li Binbin;Yu Kunxia;Cong Peijuan;Dai Ning(State Key Laboratory of Eco-hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region of China,Xi’an University of Technology,Xi’an,Shaanxi 710048,China;Soil and Water Conservation Monitoring Center of the Ministry of Water Resources,Beijing 100053,China)

机构地区：[1]西安理工大学省部共建西北旱区生态水利国家重点实验室,陕西西安710048 [2]水利部水土保持监测中心,北京100053

出　　处：《水土保持通报》2022年第6期14-22,共9页Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家自然科学资金面上项目“黄土高原坡面土壤侵蚀特征地带性变化及驱动机制”(42077071);国家自然科学基金黄河水科学联合基金“黄土高原极端暴雨土壤侵蚀致灾及蓄排协调防控机制”(U2243213);国防科工委“高分水利遥感应用示范系统(二期)”(08-Y30F02-9001-20/22)。

摘　　要：[目的]探究小流域暴雨后生产道路侵蚀强度状况及侵蚀形成原因,为今后改善水土流失状况,完善水土保持工程建设及维护提供理论基础。[方法]水利部水土保持监测中心于2022年7月25—29日组织开展了宁夏西吉县“7·13”暴雨水土保持综合调查。采用“断面法”对五十岔小流域生产道路进行环境及侵蚀状况调查并计算侵蚀强度,分析生产道路侵蚀强度状况及侵蚀形成原因。[结果]①五十岔小流域内生产道路受到降雨、道路自身特性和人类活动影响,各条道路呈现不同的侵蚀状况,小流域下游、顺径流方向且植被盖度较低的道路易受严重侵蚀。②对小流域的道路侵蚀模数进行了分析计算,“断面法”计算值为1054.49 t/km^(2),三维影像测量值为1277.91 t/km^(2),调查断面损毁率为53.39%。[结论]实施水土保持措施是必要且有效的,良好的水土保持措施和较高的植被覆盖率能够有效防止生产道路水土流失现象的发生。[Objective]The erosion intensity and the causes of erosion of the production roads after rainstorm in the small watershed at Xiji County,Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region were explored in order to provide a theoretical basis for improving the situation of soil erosion and improving the construction and maintenance of water and soil conservation projects in the future.[Methods]From July 25 to 29,2022,Soil and Water Conservation Monitoring Center of the Ministry of Water Resources organized a comprehensive survey on soil and water conservation of the“7·13”rainstorm at Xiji Conuty,Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region.The environment and erosion status of the production road in the small watershed of the Wushicha small watershed were investigated and the erosion intensity was calculated by using the“section method”.The erosion intensity status and the causes of erosion were analyzed.[Results]①The rainfall,the characteristics of road and the human activities are the main influencing factors of the production roads erosion in the Wushicha small watershed.Each road shows different erosion patterns,among which the lower reaches of the small watershed,along the runoff direction and with low vegetation coverage are seriously eroded.②The road erosion modulus of small watershed is analyzed and calculated.The calculated value of“section method”is 1054.49 t/km^(2),and the measured value of 3D image is 1277.91 t/km^(2).The damage rate of the survey section is 53.39%.[Conclusion]It is necessary and effective to implement soil and water conservation measures.Good soil and water conservation measures and high vegetation coverage rate can effectively prevent the occurrence of soil and water loss on production roads.

关 键 词：暴雨调查 水土流失 道路侵蚀 生产道路 侵蚀强度 宁夏西吉县 

分 类 号：S157.1[农业科学—土壤学]