黑土低山丘陵区水平梯田地力提升措施对土壤质量和玉米产量的影响  

Effects of Fertility Improvement Measures on Soil Quality and Maize Yield in Horizontal Terraced Fields of Black Soil Hilly Region

作　　者：张瑜[1] 徐子棋 徐长林 于艳秋 芦贵君[1] 李红蕊[1] 李昊伦 Zhang Yu;Xu Ziqi;Xu Changlin;Yu Yanqiu;Lu Guijun;Li Hongrui;Li Haolun(Institute of Soil and Water Conservation of Jilin Province,Changchun,Jilin 130033,China;Soil and Water Conservation Workstation of Dunhua City,Dunhua,Jilin 133700,China;Soil and Water Conservation Technical Service Center of Dongfeng County,Dongliao,Jilin 136300,China)

机构地区：[1]吉林省水土保持科学研究院,吉林长春130033 [2]敦化市水土保持工作站,吉林敦化133700 [3]东丰县水土保持技术服务中心,吉林东辽136300

出　　处：《水土保持通报》2022年第6期190-196,222,共8页Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：吉林省科技厅项目“黑土区扩张型侵蚀沟生态控蚀技术研发与应用”(20210202025NC);吉林省财政厅项目“低山丘陵区坡改梯耕地质量监测与提升技术研究”。

摘　　要：[目的]定量评估黑土低山丘陵区不同地力提升措施对坡改梯区域土壤质量和玉米产量的影响,为该区耕地地力提升和黑土地保护提供理论支持。[方法]采用野外监测与多元数理统计方法,识别化肥、有机肥和秸秆不同组合混施对土壤养分含量、物理性状、玉米生长及产量等的影响。[结果]①秸秆配施有机肥措施不仅对耕层肥力起到了非常显著的改良作用,同时明显改善了土壤物理性状,且化肥、有机肥和秸秆混施处理效果最好;②添加秸秆与有机肥措施显著降低了C∶N,提高了N∶P和C∶P值,为土壤微生物群落生长、发育提供了更为理想的环境;③土壤持水能力和有机C含量是黑土低山丘陵区梯田作物产量影响最大的因素,未来应持续开展秸秆与有机肥混施措施;④化肥混合有机肥3.75 t/hm^(2)或秸秆3.00 t/hm^(2)是提高黑土丘陵区梯田产量的最佳施用量。[结论]黑土低山丘陵区不同地力提升措施对坡改梯区域土壤质量和玉米产量的影响有显著差异,该区域适宜用化肥混合有机肥、秸秆来改善土壤质量和玉米产量状况。[Objective]The influence of different soil fertility improvement measures on soil quality and maize yield in horizontal terraced fields was quantitatively evaluated in order to provide a theoretical support for the improvement of cultivated land fertility and the protection of black soil area.[Methods]Field monitoring and multivariate mathematical statistics were used to identify the effects of different combinations of chemical fertilizers,organic fertilizers,and straw on soil nutrient content,physical properties,maize growth,and yield.[Results]①The combined application of organic fertilizer with straw not only played a very significant role in improving the fertility of the plow layer,but also significantly improved the physical properties of the soil.The combined application of chemical fertilizer,organic fertilizer,and straw had the best effect;②Adding straw and organic fertilizer significantly reduced C∶N ratio,and increased N∶P and C∶P ratios,and provided a more ideal environment for the growth and development of soil microbial communities;③Soil water-holding capacity and organic carbon content were the most influential factors affecting crop yield in terraced fields in the black soil hilly areas.Mixed applications of straw and organic fertilizer should be carried out continuously in the future;④3.75 t/hm^(2) of chemical fertilizers mixed with organic fertilizer or 3.00 t/hm^(2) of straw was the best way to increase the yield of terraced fields in the black soil hilly region.[Conclusion]Different fertility improvement measures had significantly different effects on soil quality and on maize yield in horizontal terraced fields of the black soil hilly region.A suitable production practice is to use chemical fertilizer mixed with organic fertilizer and straw to improve soil quality and maize yield in this area.

关 键 词：黑土 低山丘陵区 土壤质量 玉米产量 水平梯田 

分 类 号：S154.4[农业科学—土壤学]