柳杉毛虫对不同寄主植物的选择性及适合度  

Selectivity and fitness of Dendrolimus houi on different host plants

作　　者：王静 华银 方鑫源 张珠河 鄢继文 梁光红[1] WANG Jing;HUA Yin;FANG Xinyuan;ZHANG Zhuhe;YAN Jiwen;LIANG Guanghong(College of Forestry,Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University,Fuzhou,Fujian 350002,China;Fuzhou Station of Forestry Pest and Disease Control and Quarantine,Fuzhou,Fujian 350003,China;Fujian Yongtai Dahu State-owned Forest Farm,Yongtai,Fujian 350700,China)

机构地区：[1]福建农林大学林学院,福建福州350002 [2]福州市森林病虫害防治检疫站,福建福州350003 [3]福建省永泰大湖国有林场,福建永泰350700

出　　处：《森林与环境学报》2023年第2期217-223,共7页Journal of Forest and Environment

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目“柳杉毛虫两种蛹寄生蜂的共寄生格局及其资源共享策略”(31870641);福建省科技厅引导性项目“多寄主新型混交林对柳杉毛虫成灾过程的阻滞效应及其应用”(2021N0002);2021年福州市林业科学技术研究项目“多寄主新型混交林对柳杉毛虫成灾的阻滞作用及应用”(2021FZLY01)。

摘　　要：柳杉毛虫可在不同地区为害不同寄主植物并造成生物灾害,通过观测其行为选择与寄主植物内含物成分,分析柳杉毛虫对不同寄主植物的选择性及适合度。以福建地区的柳杉、柏木、侧柏和马尾松为寄主,分别采用笼养法观测成虫产卵量(E),叶碟法观测初孵幼虫的取食选择频次以及取食量(D),并测定不同寄主针叶中主要营养物质(可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白质、淀粉)及植物次生物质(类黄酮、总酚、单宁)含量。结果表明:无论是产卵量,还是取食选择频次与取食量,柳杉毛虫的选择顺序均为柳杉>柏木>侧柏>马尾松,表明该虫对上述的选择具有一致性。4种寄主适合性指数(I_(F))分别为0.48(柳杉)、0.39(柏木)、0.09(侧柏)和0(马尾松);进一步关联I_(F)、E分析发现,针叶中可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白含量均与I_(F)呈显著正相关(P<0.05),与单宁含量呈显著负相关(P<0.05),表明可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖及单宁含量是柳杉毛虫幼虫优先选择寄主的主要因素。系统聚类可将寄主划分为3类,分别为适宜寄主(柳杉、柏木)、较适宜寄主(侧柏)和不适宜寄主(马尾松),结合I_(F),认为柳杉为最适寄主,马尾松为不适寄主。Dendrolimus houi damages different hosts in different regions and causes biological disasters.The selectivity and fitness of Dendrolimus houi on different host plants were analyzed by observing its behavior in host selection and the host plant contents,to provide a reference for the ecological regulation of Dendrolimus houi Taking Cryptomeria japonica,Cupressus funebris,Platycladus orientalis,and Pinus massoniana in Fujian as representative hosts,the fecundity(E)of adult Dendrolimus houi was determined using the cage culture method,and the feeding selection frequency and feeding amount(D)of newly hatched larvae were determined using the leaf disc method.The main nutrient(soluble sugar,soluble protein,and starch)and plant secondary substance(flavonoid,total phenol,tannin)content in different host needles were determined.The results showed that the selection order of oviposition amount,feeding frequency,and feeding amount of Dendrolimus houi was consistent,which was Cryptomeria japonica>Cupressus funebris>Platycladus orientalis>Pinus massoniana,the host fitness index(I_(F))vales were 0.48 for Cryptomeria japonica,0.39 for Cupressus funebris,0.09 for Platycladus orientalis,and 0 for Pinus massoniana,indicating that Cryptomeria japonica was the most suitable host and Pinus massoniana was an unfit host.Further analysis showed that the I_(F)value was significantly positively correlated with the soluble sugar and soluble protein content of the needles(P<0.05)and significantly negatively correlated with tannin content(P<0.05).These findings indicated that soluble protein,soluble sugar,and tannins were the main factors by which the larvae preferentially selected their hosts.Systematic clustering was used to divide the hosts into three categories:suitable as a host,Cryptomeria japonica,Cupressus funebris;suitable host,Platycladus orientalis;and not suitable as a host,Pinus massoniana pine.Combined with the I_(F),it is considered that Cryptomeria japonica was the optimal host and Pinus massoniana was an unfit host.

关 键 词：柳杉毛虫 寄主选择性 寄主适合度 柳杉 马尾松 

分 类 号：S763.30[农业科学—森林保护学]