电动汽车电机主动加热技术应用与测试  

Application and Experimental Study of E-motor Active Heating Technology of Electric Vehicles

作　　者：李超[1,2] 原梅妮[2] 孙明[1] 蔡云贵 魏文菲 LI Chao;YUAN Meini;SUN Ming;CAI Yungui;WEI Wenfei(Automobile Technology Innovation Center of Hebei,Great Wall Motor Company Limited,Baoding 071000,China;School of Aerospace Engineering,North University of China,Taiyuan 030051,China;FTXT Energy Technology Company Limited,Baoding 071000,China)

机构地区：[1]长城汽车股份有限公司,河北省汽车技术创新中心,河北保定071000 [2]中北大学航空宇航学院,山西太原030051 [3]未势能源科技有限公司,河北保定071000

出　　处：《汽车实用技术》2023年第5期99-105,共7页Automobile Applied Technology

摘　　要：基于某款电动汽车开发了电机主动加热功能及整车热管理控制系统,并分别通过低温快充、空调采暖试验对电机主动加热功能进行性能测试。测试结果表明,电机在停车、行驶状态下均可作为热源为电池和空调供热,停车状态电机可输出热量约2 kW,加热效率(冷却液吸收热量÷电机损耗功率)仅约70%;低速行车时(32km/h),虽然电机加热能力提升至2.4 kW,但受壳体散热影响,加热效率降至64%;车速提升至80 km/h,平均加热功率约3 kW,加热效率受传动损耗等因素影响导致计算结果失真。由于电机主动加热的真实效率较低,整车控制系统需限制该功能的应用场景和开启时间,在满足少数、极低温工况下快速升温需求的前提下,防止系统能耗过高。Based on an electric vehicle, the active heating function of the e-motor and it’s total vehicle thermal management control system are developed, and in order to know the real situation of performance of the active heating function, the low-temperature direct current(DC) charging and air conditioning(A/C) heating tests are carried out respectively. The verification results show that the e-motor can be used as a heat source to supply heat to the battery and A/C under the condition of parking and driving. The e-motor can output about 2 kW of heat in the condition of parking, and the heating efficiency(heat transferred to coolant ÷ power loss of the e-motor) is only about 70%. When driving at low speed(32 km/h), although the heating capacity of the motor is increased to 2.4 kW, the heating efficiency drops to 64% affected by the heat dissipation of the shell. After the vehicle speed rises to 80 km/h, the average heating power is about 3 kW, and the heating efficiency is affected by factors such as transmission loss, resulting in distortion of calculation results. Due to the low real efficiency of the active heating of the e-motor, the vehicle control system needs to limit the application scenario and the duration of this function, which not only needs to meet the rapid heating demand under a few extremely low-temperature working conditions, but also prevents excessive energy consumption.

关 键 词：电动汽车 汽车电机 主动加热 热管理系统 

分 类 号：U469.72[机械工程—车辆工程]