缓释肥与尿素组合基施对水稻生长及产量的影响  

Effects of Combinative Application of Slow-release Fertilizer and Urea as Basal Fertilizers on Rice Growth and Yield

作　　者：王金柱 尤圣阳 刘晓卡 王升 周星 WANG Jinzhu;YOU Shengyang;LIU Xiaoka;WANG Sheng;ZHOU Xing(Xinyang Branch of Jiangsu Provincial Dahua Seed Industry Co.,Ltd.,Yancheng 224314,China;Institute of Modern Agriculture,Jiangsu Provincial Agricultural Reclamation and Development Co.Ltd.,Nanjing 210019,China)

机构地区：[1]江苏省大华种业集团有限公司新洋分公司,江苏盐城224314 [2]江苏省农垦农业发展股份有限公司现代农业研究院,江苏南京210019

出　　处：《大麦与谷类科学》2023年第1期48-52,共5页Barley and Cereal Sciences

摘　　要：为达到环保及降低施肥次数的目的,本试验设计了3个基施缓释肥与尿素处理(3个氮素水平:N_(1),纯氮300.0 kg/hm^(2);N_(3),纯氮345.0 kg/hm^(2);N_(4),纯氮390.0 kg/hm^(2)),以常规施肥(N_(2),纯氮337.5 kg/hm^(2))作为对照,探究不同氮素水平的缓释肥与尿素基施对水稻生长与产量的影响。结果显示,在水稻分蘖后期,N_(2)(常规施肥)处理下水稻的分蘖能力达到最大,其次是N_(3)处理,水稻高峰苗也是在常规施肥下达到最高,高峰苗的总体变化趋势为N_(2)>N_(1)>N_(3)>N_(4)。水稻的株高随施氮水平的增加呈逐渐增加的趋势,且N_(2)—N_(3)处理可使水稻株高控制在合适的范围。从产量结构看,有效穗数和结实率均在N_(2)处理下达到最高,而千粒质量和实粒数均在N_(3)处理下达到最高。水稻产量高低排名为N_(3)>N_(2)>N_(1)>N_(4),主要在于千粒质量和实粒数的提高导致增产。考虑到经济效益,虽在N_(3)(纯氮345.0 kg/hm^(2))处理下由于缓释肥成本高导致水稻净效益低于常规对照,但从增产、施肥次数减少以及环保等角度出发,推荐水稻缓释肥与尿素基施纯氮用量按照N_(3)(纯氮345.0 kg/hm^(2))处理来进行。In order to achieve the purpose of environmental protection and to reduce the times of fertilization in agricultural production,a field trial was conducted to explore the effects of the different treatments of combinative application of slow-release fertilizer and urea as basal fertilizers with varying nitrogen levels on rice growth and yield.Specifically,the three treatments N_(1),N_(3),N_(4)with combining slow-release fertilizer and urea as basal fertilizers were designed,which had pure nitrogen application rates of 300,345,and390 kg/hm^(2),respectively,compared with the conventional fertilization N_(2)with the pure nitrogen application rate at 337.5 kg/hm^(2).The results showed that in the late tillering stage of rice,the tillering ability of rice reached the maximum under N_(2),followed by N_(3),and the rice peak seedling number per hm^(2)also reached the highest under N_(2).The peak seedling numbers per hm^(2)in different treatments varied in the following descending order:N_(2)>N_(1)>N_(3)>N_(4).The plant height of rice rose steadily with the increase of nitrogen application rate,which could be controlled in a suitable range with pure nitrogen application rates in the range of N_(2)and N_(3)treatments.Regarding yield structure,effective panicle number and seed setting rate both reached the maximum under N_(2)treatment,while the1 000-grain quality and filled-grain number peaked under N_(3)treatment.In terms of rice yield,different treatments ranked in the descending orderas follows:N_(3)>N_(2)>N_(1)>N_(4),and the highest yield in N_(3)was mainly due to its increases in 1 000-grain quality and the number of filled grains as compared with the other treatments.Considering the economic benefit,although the net benefit of rice production under N_(3)(with the pure nitrogen rate at 345 kg/hm^(2)) was lower than that of the conventional control because of the higher cost of slow-release fertilizer in N_(3),it is recommended that the pure nitrogen derived from slow-release fertilizer and urea should be applied at the

关 键 词：缓释肥 氮素 水稻 产量结构 净效益 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]