复合固体干燥剂的研究进展  

Research progress of composite solid desiccant

作　　者：韩郑良 肖鑫 HAN Zhengliang;XIAO Xin(Institute of Air Environment and Building Energy Conservation,College of Environmental Science and Engineering,Donghua University,Shanghai 201620,China;Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security,Shanghai 200092,China)

机构地区：[1]东华大学环境学院,空气环境与建筑节能研究所,上海201620 [2]上海污染控制与生态安全研究院,上海200092

出　　处：《化工进展》2023年第2期839-853,共15页Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress

基　　金：上海市浦江人才计划(20PJ1400200);中央高校基本科研业务费专项基金(2232021D-11);上海市引进海外高层次人才计划;东华大学青年教师科研启动基金;东华大学高层次人才专项基金。

摘　　要：近年来,固体除湿材料受到广泛关注,研究表明,固体干燥剂可以应用于固定床、转轮与吸附式制冷系统,替代传统空调除湿系统,提高除湿效率以降低空调能耗。本文首先对固体干燥剂进行分类,简要阐述了传统干燥剂(如硅胶、活性炭、沸石等)的特点,然后详细介绍了各类复合干燥剂的特征参数测试结果(如吸附速率、吸附量、再生温度、再生速率、再生效率、再生量等),综合比较其优缺点。指出聚丙烯酸、聚丙烯酸钠等高分子材料和金属有机骨架MOFs具备再生温度低、吸湿量高、稳定性好等特点,是未来研究固体除湿材料的主要方向。接着总结了复合干燥剂的制备与表征方法,给出了改善孔隙结构、提高结构稳定性和防止液解的方法,指出了制备方法的改进也是改善固体干燥剂物性的重要方向。最后总结了各种复合干燥剂的特征参数对比情况。In recent years, solid desiccant materials have attracted extensive attention. Present researches indicate that solid desiccants can be used in fixed bed, runner and adsorption refrigeration systems to replace the traditional air conditioning(A/C) dehumidification systems, so as to improve dehumidification efficiency and reduce the energy consumption of A/C. In this paper, solid desiccants were classified firstly, and the features of traditional desiccants such as silica gel, activated carbon, zeolite, etc. were briefly described. Then the characteristics of various composite desiccants including adsorption rate, adsorption capacity, regeneration temperature, regeneration rate, regeneration efficiency, and regeneration capacity were introduced in detail, and the experimental results of various composite desiccants together with the advantages and disadvantages were compared comprehensively. It was pointed out that polyacrylic acid, sodium polyacrylate and other polymer materials and metal organic frameworks(MOFs) have the characteristics of low regeneration temperature, high moisture absorption and good stability, which were the main research directions of solid dehumidification materials in the future. Moreover, the preparation and characterization methods of composite desiccants were summarized,and the methods to improve the pore structures, structural stabilities and restriction of liquid hydrolyses were shown. It was found that the improvement of the preparation method was also an important direction to improve the solid desiccants. Finally, the characteristics of various composite desiccants were summarized comparatively.

关 键 词：固体干燥剂 复合干燥剂 材料制备 吸湿能力 再生特性 

分 类 号：TU834.9[建筑科学—供热、供燃气、通风及空调工程]