双循环战略下互惠原则的法律困境与中国方案  

The Legal Dilemma of the Principle of Reciprocity under the Dual-cycle Strategy and China’s Solution

作　　者：贺连博[1] 李相儒 HE Lian-bo;LI Xiang-ru(School of Law,Yantai University,Yantai 264005,Shandong,China)

机构地区：[1]烟台大学法学院,山东烟台264005

出　　处：《石河子大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2023年第1期63-73,共11页Journal of Shihezi University(Philosophy and Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社科基金项目“多边投资法庭的制度构建与中国方案研究”(22BFX141)。

摘　　要：实现我国与世界各国间法院判决的自由流通是打破阻碍内外循环的制度性壁垒,也是实现我国双循环国家发展战略的重要法律保障。基于国际环境的变化和应对外部冲击的需要,我国及时提出双循环发展战略,通过“以内促外”与“内外并举”推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化,促进经济的高质量发展。而最高人民法院通过“五味晃”案确立了我国承认与执行外国法院判决中严格的“事实互惠”标准,这种狭隘的互惠标准缺乏制度上的保证措施,导致互惠原则难以发挥其应有的作用,甚至背离促进法院判决相互承认和执行的目的,增加了当事人的诉累和司法资源的浪费。在双循环战略下,我国应着眼于与世界各国未来的司法和经贸合作,秉持开放包容的司法理念,回归外国判决承认和执行的私权本质,给予私人利益必要的考量和保护,推动判决的全球性流动,为当事人的国际民商事活动营造公正高效的法治环境,为互惠原则在世界各国的完善适用提供可资借鉴的中国方案。Realizing the free circulation of court decisions between China and other countries around the world is an important legal guarantee for China to break the institutional barriers that hinder the internal and external circulation and to realize the national development strategy of double circulation. Based on the changes happening in the international environment and the need to deal with external shocks, China has timely put forward a dual cycle development strategy to promote the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity through “promoting internal to enhance external development”and “promoting internal and external development at the same time” so as to achieve high-quality economic development. The Supreme People’s Court established the strict standard of “reciprocity in fact” in China’s recognition and enforcement of foreign court judgments through the “Wuweihuang” case. This narrow standard of reciprocity lacks institutional guarantee measures, which makes it difficult for the principle of reciprocity to play its due role, and even deviates itself from the purpose of promoting the mutual recognition and enforcement of court judgments. The outcome is that it is becoming a tool of mutual retaliation, increasing the litigation burden of the parties and the waste of judicial resources. Under the dual cycle strategy, China should focus on the future judicial, economic and trade cooperation with countries around the world, uphold the open and inclusive judicial concept, return to the private nature of recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments, give necessary consideration and protection to private interests,promote the global flow of judgments, and create a fair and efficient legal environment for the international civil and commercial activities of the parties. We hope to provide a Chinese solution that can be used for reference for the improvement and application of the principle of reciprocity in countries all over the world.

关 键 词：互惠原则 举证责任 法律互惠 推定互惠 判决承认与执行 

分 类 号：D977.3[政治法律—法学]