不同农艺培肥措施对小麦生长和土壤肥力的影响  

Effects of Different Agronomic Measures on Wheat Growth and Soil Fertility

作　　者：吴其洋 张达胜 李成峰 徐召文 杨善伟 王家嘉[5] 卢碧云[6] 施六林[6] 李录久[5] WU Qi-yang;ZHANG Da-sheng;LI Cheng-feng(Hefei Tiancheng Testing Technology Co.,Ltd.,Hefei,Anhui 231200;Feixi County Agriculture and Rural Bureau,Feixi,Anhui 231200)

机构地区：[1]合肥天秤检测科技有限公司,安徽合肥231200 [2]肥西县农业农村局,安徽肥西231200 [3]安徽农业大学,安徽合肥230036 [4]安徽科海项目管理有限公司,安徽肥西231200 [5]安徽省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所,安徽合肥230031 [6]安徽省农业科学院工程研究所,安徽合肥230031

出　　处：《安徽农业科学》2023年第4期168-171,共4页Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家重大研发专项“长江流域小麦化肥减施增效技术”(2018YFD0200505);国家科技支撑计划项目(2012BAD05B02)。

摘　　要：[目的]设置田间试验,研究秸秆还田、增施有机肥、优化小麦后期氮肥追施比例共3种农艺措施对高标准农田建设项目区小麦生长发育和土壤肥力性状的影响,探讨适宜的土壤耕层培肥措施。[方法]设置玉米秸秆+生物腐熟菌剂直接还田S 1、增施1500 kg/hm^(2)商品有机肥M_(1)、小麦拔节期—孕穗期氮肥追施比例N_(30-0)、N_(20-10)和N_(10-20)共5个处理,以不实施秸秆还田S_(0)、不施有机肥M_(0)为对照,构成7个处理,小麦收获期考察产量性状,分析耕层土壤肥力性状。[结果]实施玉米秸秆生物强化还田、增施商品有机肥、优化小麦后期氮肥追施比例,对后季小麦生长发育有良好的促进作用,与各自的对照相比,小麦籽粒产量分别增长5.89%、5.62%和7.65%,较农民习惯施肥提升6.45%、3.91%和11.82%;土壤pH升高0.18~0.25,酸化程度减轻;土壤有机质、碱解氮、有效磷和速效钾含量分别提高16.02%~19.11%、7.37%~15.68%、13.37%~31.21%和13.35%~14.73%。[结论]实施玉米秸秆+生物菌剂强化还田、增施有机肥料,显著提升了砂姜黑土肥力,实现了高标准农田建设项目厚沃土壤耕作层的目标。[Objective]Field experiment was conducted to study the effects of three agronomic measures,included straw returning to field,applying organic fertilizer,and optimizing the ratio of nitrogen topdressing in the late stage of wheat,on wheat growth and soil fertility in the high standard farmland construction project area,so as to explore the appropriate measures to improve the quality of topsoil.[Method]Five treatments were set up including corn straw adding the biological rotting agent directly returned to field(S_(1)),application of 1500 kg/hm^(2)commercial organic fertilizer(M_(1)),and nitrogen fertilizer topdressing ratio(N_(30-0),N_(20-10),and N_(10-20))at the joining and heading stage of wheat.Also no straw returning to field(S_(0))and no organic fertilizer application(M_(0))were taken as the control which farmed seven treatments.The yield component of wheat was investigated and the fertility characters of topsoil were analyzed.[Result]The implementation of bio-enhanced maize straw returning to field,application of commercial organic fertilizer and optimizing the ratio of nitrogen fertilizer topdressing in the later stage of wheat had better promotion effect on wheat growth of the next season.Wheat grain yield increased by 5.89%,5.62%and 7.65%,respectively compared with their respective controls,and higher raised by 6.45%,3.91%and 11.82%with the farmer practice fertilization;Soil pH increased by 0.18-0.25,and the degree of acidity was reduced.The contents of soil organic matter,alkali-hydrolyzed N and available P and K increased by 16.02%-19.11%,7.37%-15.68%,13.37%-31.21%and 13.35%-14.73%,respectively.[Conclusion]The fertility of lime concretion black soil was improved remarkably when conducting corn straw adding biological agent return to field and applying organic fertilizer which resulted the aim of increasing the depth of the fertile topsoil at high standard farmland construction projects.

关 键 词：秸秆还田 有机肥 小麦产量 砂姜黑土肥力性状 高标准农田 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]