鱼类环境耐受性与抗逆性育种研究进展  

Advances in environmental tolerance and resistance breeding in fish

作　　者：郭红会 胡振 张金刚 邹桂伟[1] 梁宏伟[1] GUO Honghui;HU Zhen;ZHANG Jingang;ZOU Guiwei;LIANG Hongwei(Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Wuhan 430223,China;Hubei Aquaculture Technology Extension Center(Hubei Aquatic Breeds Introduction and Breeding Center),Department of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of Hubei Province,Wuhan 430060,China)

机构地区：[1]中国水产科学研究院长江水产研究所,湖北武汉430223 [2]湖北省水产技术推广总站,湖北武汉430060

出　　处：《水产学报》2023年第1期68-93,共26页Journal of Fisheries of China

基　　金：国家现代农业产业技术体系专项(CARS-45);湖北省洪山实验室开放课题(2021hskf014);国家重点研发计划(2018YFD0900302);中国水产科学研究院基本科研业务费(2020TD33)。

摘　　要：随着高密度集约化水产养殖业的发展,溶解氧、水温和氨氮等水环境因子胁迫已成为制约渔业高质量发展的限制性因素,抗逆水产新品种的培育成为重要的解决途径之一。本文综述了鱼类对温度、低氧、氨氮、亚硝态氮、盐碱胁迫的响应机制,以及环境耐受性鱼类新品种的育种现状,提出充分利用第一次全国水产养殖种质资源系统调查结果发掘优异种质资源,建立高通量表型和基因型精准鉴定技术,深入解析鱼类响应环境因子胁迫的机制,利用分子标记辅助育种、全基因组选择育种、基因编辑育种和分子设计育种等现代分子育种技术进行高效精准抗逆新品种的培育,为鱼类抗逆性新品种培育提供参考。With the development of high-density and intensive aquaculture,the water environmental factors stress such as dissolved oxygen,water temperature and ammonia nitrogen has become the restricting factor.The harmful environmental conditions severely decrease the fish growth rate,reduce fish resistance and increase the susceptibility to diseases,which ultimately causes significant economic losses in aquaculture industry.The cultivation of new resistance fish varieties is one of the important solutions and attracting more attention which is becoming the research hot.In this review,we summarize the response mechanisms to environment stress including the temperature,hypoxia,ammonia nitrogen,nitrous nitrogen and saline-alkali stress from the physiology to molecules.Furthermore,the breeding progress of new fish varieties with environmental tolerance and the molecular markers(gene,SNP,SSR and so on)related to environmental tolerance traits are presented.Finally,we point out that the first national aquaculture germplasm resources investigation should be applied to explore excellent germplasm resources.The research on the integrated response mechanism of fish under multiple environmental factors stress should be strengthened.Meanwhile,the efficient and precise breeding technology of the new varieties of environment-tolerance fish should be established based on the modern molecular breeding technologies such as molecular marker-assisted breeding,genome selection breeding,gene editing breeding,molecular module design breeding and so on.This review will provide the reference for the new fish varieties breeding with resistance.

关 键 词：水产种业 水产养殖 环境胁迫 抗逆育种 

分 类 号：S965[农业科学—水产养殖]