马克思社会有机体理论及其当代启示  

Analysis on Marxist Social Organism and Transformation Theory and Its Contemporary Significance

作　　者：马俊峰 陈海欧 MA Jun-feng;CHEN Hai-ou

机构地区：[1]山西大学马克思主义哲学研究所,山西太原030006 [2]中国人民大学哲学院,北京100872

出　　处：《湖北大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2023年第2期1-8,I0002,共9页Journal of Hubei University(Philosophy and Social Science)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“推进全面从严治党重大理论和实践问题研究”(19ZDA009)。

摘　　要：社会有机体理论是马克思唯物史观和剩余价值理论两大发现的方法论前提,在马克思主义理论体系中具有重要地位。马克思的社会有机体思想受到当时将社会看作有机体的思潮的影响,特别是批判地继承了黑格尔关于国家有机体的思想。马克思直接讨论社会有机体的论述并不多,可以理解为他将社会是有机体当作一个默认前提,真正重要的是要用适合有机体对象规定的方法去观察、分析、理解社会各种现象的有机联系,即辩证关系,从而得出符合实际的科学结论。沿着马克思的这种基本思路和方法论原则去理解社会有机体理论的内容,应该包含这几点:社会是一个活的发展着的有机体,根本原因在于社会是人的活动的总和;作为社会活动主体的人既是历史的前提又是历史的产物,其创造历史的活动总是在以往形成的既有条件下进行的;社会越是发展,有层次、纵横交错的诸系统之间的联系就越是复杂和紧密,社会的有机性特征就越是明显和突出;各个民族、族群、社会作为有机体都有自己产生、成熟、死亡的生命周期,这是一个新陈代谢自我否定、自我扬弃的过程;在世界历史时代,各个民族国家通过交往密切联系在一起,一切发明都成了世界性的、人类的共同财富,同时,各个民族国家又都被置放在同一个平台上进行竞争。社会有机体理论是马克思创立的新世界观的一个重要内容,对于认识世界、理解历史、改造不合理现实的实践活动,具有重要的指导性意义;对于今天建设中国特色社会主义、走好中国式现代化之路、推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化、构建人类命运共同体、开辟人类文明新形态,具有重要的启示意义。The theory of social organism plays an important role in the theoretical system of Marxism.It was influenced by the thought of the society as organism at that time.There is not much about Marx s direct discussion of the social organism,but it can be understood that he presupposes society as an organism.What really matters is to observe,analyze and understand the organic connection of various social phenomena in a way that is suitable for the provisions of organic objects,and draw scientific conclusions that conform to the reality.To understand the social organism theory along the basic thinking and methodological principles of Marx,we should include these points:Society is a living and developing organism,the fundamental reason is that society is the sum of human activities;As the subject of social activities,man is both the premise and the product of history;The more complex the relationship between the hierarchical and crisscrossing systems is,and the more obvious the organic characteristics of the society are;As an organism,every nation,ethnic group and society has their own life cycle of generation,maturity and death;In the era of world history,all nations are closely linked through exchanges,and they are also placed on the same platform for competition.The theory of social organism has important implications for building socialism with Chinese characteristics,following the Chinese-style modernization path,establishing a community with a shared future for mankind,and opening up a new form of human civilization.

关 键 词：马克思 社会有机体 中国式现代化 人类命运共同体 人类文明新形态 

分 类 号：A81[哲学宗教—马克思主义哲学]