间作模式对黄精产量及种植效益的影响  

Effects of Intercropping Patterns on the Yield and Planting Benefits of Polygonatum sibiricum Red.

作　　者：崔瑶 李映[1] 和润莹 王占民 葛喜珍[1] CUI Yao;LI Ying;HE Run-ying;WANG Zhan-min;GE Xi-zhen(College of Biochemical Engineering,Beijing Union University,Beijing 100023,PRC;Anguo Qi'an Pharmaceutical Co.,Ltd.,Anguo 071200,PRC)

机构地区：[1]北京联合大学生物化学工程学院,北京100023 [2]安国祁安药业有限公司,河北安国071200

出　　处：《湖南农业科学》2023年第2期20-24,共5页Hunan Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：中央引导地方科技发展资金——科技成果转移转化项目(216Z7301G);河北省农业高质量发展关键共性技术攻关专项(20322501D)。

摘　　要：为了提高北方地区黄精栽培收益,以黄精单作+覆盖遮阳网为对照,以烤烟、玉米、白蜡树与黄精间作为处理,连续4 a调查黄精成活率、株高和病虫害发生情况,第4年收获黄精时,检测土壤酶活性,调查黄精及间作作物的产量及综合产值,从而筛选适合与黄精间作的经济作物。结果表明:黄精与玉米、烤烟、白蜡树间作,能不同程度提高黄精产量,优化黄精生长环境;4种种植模式中,黄精与烤烟间作模式的黄精主要病虫害(叶斑病、白绢病、地老虎、蛴螬等)发病率低,同时,土壤酸性磷酸酶和蔗糖酶活性增加,对土壤修复有一定的积极作用;黄精和烤烟间作时,黄精产量(干重)达459.7kg/667m^(2),明显高于遮阳网处理(314.6 kg/667m^(2)),总收益达32057.4元/667m^(2)。由此表明,黄精和烤烟间作有利于提升黄精产量,总收益高,二者间作能合理利用光照和土壤资源,降低黄精连作对土壤造成的不利影响,值得在生产上推广和应用。This experiment aims to improve the cultivation income of Polygonatum sibiricum Red.in North China.With the treatment of P.sibiricum monocropping+sunshading net as CK,P.sibiricum was intercropped with tobacco(Nicotiana tabacum L.),corn(Zea mays L.)and Fraxinus chinensis Roxb,respectively.The survival rate,plant height and pest occurrence of P.sibiricum were investigated for four consecutive years.In the 4th year of harvesting P.sibiricum,the soil enzyme activity was detected,and the yield and comprehensive output value of P.sibiricum and intercropping crops were investigated so as to screen out cash crops suitable for intercropping with P.sibiricum in North China.The results showed that the intercropping of P.sibiricum with corn,tobacco and F.chinensis could all increase the yield of P.sibiricum and optimize the growth environment of P.sibiricum.Among the four planting patterns,a low incidence of major diseases and insect pests such as leaf spot disease,white silk disease(Sclerotium rolfsii),cutworms and grubs were found in the intercropping of P.sibiricum with tobacco;meanwhile,the activities of soil acid phosphatase and sucrase beneficial for soil remediation were increased;the root yield(dry weight)of P.sibiricum intercropped with tobacco was 6895.5 kg/hm^(2),significantly higher than that of CK(4719 kg/hm^(2)),and the total income of that year was 480861 yuan/hm^(2),demonstrating that the intercropping of P.sibiricum with tobacco could rationally utilize light and soil resources,and reduce the adverse effects of P.sibiricum continuous cropping on soil,meanwhile,increase its yield and total income,which is worth promoting and applying in production.

关 键 词：黄精 烟草 玉米 白蜡树 间作 产量 效益 

分 类 号：R282.71[医药卫生—中药学] S344.2[医药卫生—中医学]