多源流模型下政党政治视阈中的地方分权政策制定机制——以苏格兰地区分离为例  

The Policy-making Mechanism of Decentralization from the Perspective of Party Politics under the Multi-source Model:A Case Studyof Scottish Regional Separation

作　　者：刘力达 Lida Liu

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院大学政府管理学院,北京102488

出　　处：《世界民族》2023年第1期57-73,共17页Journal of World Peoples Studies

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“地方自治对西欧暴力型民族分离主义运动的遏制与隐性支持机制研究”(编号19CMZ042)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：在没有诸如暴力冲突等压力,且担忧地方分权会加剧分离风险的情况下,国家为什么还要制定在民族主义地区实施的地方分权政策?既有理论对于英国苏格兰的地方分权这一重要案例未能提供令人满意的解释。笔者运用并发展公共政策经典的多源流模型,基于一手史料,发现地方小党——苏格兰民族党的崛起固然是促使国家决策者即全国性大党——保守党和工党由反对转为支持地方分权政策的必要条件,但“扣动扳机”的条件却是小党崛起对大党构成的政治压力,包括由大党在选举竞争中的激烈程度或票仓分布所影响的选举压力,以及执政党处于少数政府困境而需与小党联盟的执政威胁。tWhy should a state adopt a decentralization policy in its nationalist regions in the absence of pressures,such as violent conflicts,while having fears that decentralization would increase the risk of separation?The existing theories fail to provide a satisfactory explanation for the important case of decentralization in Scotland of the UK.By applying and developing the classic multi-source model of public policy and based on first-hand historical data,this author finds that the rise of the small local party-the Scottish National Party-is a necessary condition without any doubt that drives the national decision-makers,namely,the large parties such as the Conservative Party and the Labour Party,to shift from opposing to supporting the decentralization policy,but the condition that"pulls the trigger"is the political pressures on the large parties exerted by the rise of the small party,including the electoral pressure brought by the intensity of the race or the distribution of votes of the large parties,and the administrative threat to the ruling party being in a predicament of minority government that calls for the support of small parties to form a coalition government.

关 键 词：地方分权 地方自治 民族主义 政党 多源流 

分 类 号：D756.1[政治法律—政治学] D564[政治法律—中外政治制度]