幼儿24 h活动行为对基本动作技能影响的成分等时替代效益  

Compositional Isochronous Substitution Effect of 24-Hour Movement Behaviors on Fundamental Movement Skills of Preschool Children

作　　者：尹龙 李芳 孙明云 YIN Long;LI Fang;SUN Mingyun(School of Physical Education,Hengyang Normal University,Hengyang 421002,Hunan,China;School of Mathematics and Statistics,Hengyang Normal University,Hengyang 421002,Hunan,China)

机构地区：[1]衡阳师范学院体育科学学院,湖南衡阳421002 [2]衡阳师范学院数学与统计学院,湖南衡阳421002

出　　处：《上海体育学院学报》2023年第3期90-100,共11页Journal of Shanghai University of Sport

基　　金：湖南省哲学社会科学基金项目(21YBA166);湖南省教育厅科学研究青年项目(22B0721)。

摘　　要：目的应用成分数据分析方法研究幼儿24 h活动行为(24-hour Movement Behavior)与基本动作技能(Fundamental Movement Skills,FMS)之间的关联,以及各活动行为间等时替代后幼儿FMS的预期变化。方法采用ActiGraph wGT3-BT加速度计测量323名3~6岁幼儿(男童181名,女童142名)的身体活动(Physical Activity,PA)、静态行为(Sedentary Behaviour,SB)数据,采用美国大肌肉动作发展测试第3版工具(Test of Gross Motor Development,TGMD-3)测量FMS,睡眠时间由父母报告,成分数据的描述性统计分析、多元线性模型和等时替代均采用R软件完成。结果①幼儿24 h活动时间分布与动作发展关联紧密,中高强度身体活动(Moderate-to-Vigorous Physical Activity,MVPA)在成分之间分布相对稳定,与低强度身体活动(Light Physical Activity,LPA)转换的可能性更大;②幼儿MVPA对移动技能和总动作技能(Total Motor Skill,Total MS)的影响最大,MVPA等时替代其他行为均具有积极效益,其中替换LPA效果最为明显,其他行为等时替代MVPA预示着更低的动作能力,而且预测具有不对称性。结论虽然MVPA对幼儿动作发展影响最大,但更需要从整体视角平衡24 h活动行为对动作发展的影响;在幼儿园、家庭和社区环境中,强调将幼儿的LPA转换为MVPA,以更好地促进其FMS发展。Objective To study the association between 24-hour movement behaviors(24 h MB)and fundamental movement skills(FMS)in preschool children using compositional data analysis,and the expected changes in preschool children's FMS after isochronous substitution between movement behaviors.Methods The ActiGraph wGT3-BT accelerometer was used to measure the data of physical activity(PA)and sedentary behavior(SB)of 323 children aged 3-6 years(181 boys and 142 girls);FMS was measured by Test of Gross Motor Development(TGMD-3),and sleep time was reported by parents.The descriptive statistical analysis,multivariate linear model and isochronous substitution of compositional data were all completed by R software.Results①The time distribution of preschool children's 24 h MB was closely related to their motor development.The time spent on MVPA was the most stable,and the probability of conversion to light physical activity(LPA)time was the highest;②Preschool children's MVPA had the greatest influence on locomotor and total motor skill(Total MS),MVPA isochronous substitution for other behaviors had positive benefits,among which the effect of replacing LPA was the most obvious.Replacing MVPA in other behaviors indicated lower motor skill,and the prediction was asymmetrical.Conclusion Although MVPA had the greatest influence on preschool children's motor skill development,it is needed to consider the impact of 24 h MB on motor skill development from an overall perspective.In early education,it is important for kindergarten,families and communities to reallocate preschool children's LPA to MVPA in order to obtain better development of FMS.

关 键 词：幼儿 24 h活动行为 基本动作技能 成分数据 等时替代效益 

分 类 号：G807[文化科学—体育训练]