《神农本草经》“解毒”药物特点、规律及应用  

The Characteristics,Regularity and Application of"Detoxification"Drugs in Shennong Bencao Jing

作　　者：周美娇 黄博臻 林燕[1] ZHOU Meijiao;HUANG Bozhen;LIN Yan(First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibusion,Tianjin 300381,China)

机构地区：[1]天津中医药大学第一附属医院/国家中医针灸临床医学研究中心,天津300381

出　　处：《中医药导报》2023年第2期59-62,共4页Guiding Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy

基　　金：国家中医药管理局第四批全国中医临床优秀人才研修项目(国中医药人教发〔2017〕124号)。

摘　　要：目的:通过分析《神农本草经》中95味“解毒”药物,阐明“解毒”药物的特点及应用规律。方法:采用文献分析法对《神农本草经》“解毒”药物进行研究,运用Excel 2010软件建立数据库,并对数据进行分析,研究“解毒”药物之三品分类、自然属性、性味分布及功效应用。结果:三品分布频率由高至低依次为下品、中品、上品,与《神农本草经》下品功专祛邪、中品补虚遏疾、上品益气养命的思想相契合。性味出现最多的是辛温,其次为苦寒、辛平。95味药涉及43种“解毒”功用;沿用至今的52味常用药,涉及19个现代中药功效分类,其中以解表药、清热药、补虚药、泻下药为主。结论:“解毒”药物或可达表以宣散表邪,或可入里以调畅气机,或可入气血以清热泻火,或可入肠腑以破实攻下,从而对外受或内生毒邪起到祛除的作用。通过深入挖掘其药用规律,可突破传统毒邪理法固囿之虞,为临床及科研提供新的思路与方法。Objective:To clarify the characteristics and application rules of"detoxification"drugs by analyzing 95"detoxification"drugs in Shennong Bencao Jing.Methods:The literature analysis method was used to study the"detoxification"drugs in Shennong Bencao Jing.Excel 2010 was used to establish a database and analyze the data to study the classification,natural properties,taste distribution and efficacy application of"detoxification"drugs.Results:The frequency of the distribution of the three products was from the lower product to the middle product and the upper product,which is consistent with the idea of the lower product being dedicated to dispelling evil,the middle product to tonifying deficiency and curbing disease,and the upper product to benefiting qi and nourishing life in the Shennong Bencao Jing.The most frequent of the flavours was pungent-warm,followed by bitter-cold and pungent-mind.95 herbs involved 43"detoxification"functions.There were 52 kinds of commonly used drugs that have been used so far,involving 19 modern Chinese medicine efficacy classifications,among which the main ones were antiphlogistic,heat-clearing drugs,deficiency-tonic and diaphoretic.Conclusion:The"detoxification"drugs can either reach the surface to dispel superficial evil,or enter the interior to regulate the qi flow,or enter the qi and blood to clear heat and remove fire,or enter the intestines to break up the real and attack the subluxation,thus playing a role in eliminating externally or internally generated toxins.In-depth excavation of its medicinal use can break through the traditional danger of being confined by the theory of poison and evil,and provide new ideas and methods for clinical and scientific research.

关 键 词：解毒 《神农本草经》 中药 药用规律 

分 类 号：R281.2[医药卫生—中药学]