“普林尼种族”观及其对欧洲人认知美洲的影响  

The Impact of “Plinian Races” on Europeans’ Perception of the Americas

作　　者：王晓德[1] Wang Xiaode

机构地区：[1]福建师范大学社会历史学院,福州350117

出　　处：《历史研究》2022年第6期164-183,M0008,共21页Historical Research

基　　金：国家社科基金重点项目“‘退化论’与启蒙时期欧洲构建美洲形象及其影响研究”(17ASS005)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：“普林尼种族”是欧美学界对异域怪异人种的称谓,自古典时代以来便是欧洲人观察异域族群的观念之一,反映了以自我为中心的种族观。欧洲人总是以自我为尺度衡量异域的一切,当美洲映入眼帘时,受“普林尼种族”观影响,欧洲人竭力在美洲寻求能够证明怪异人种或奇异之事存在的“证据”,以求在对比中强化种族优越感。“普林尼种族”观以美洲的“野蛮”与“邪恶”来衬托欧洲的“文明”与“理性”,以某些土著族群的“非人化”来证明欧洲白人是上帝创造的“标准”人种,进而表明欧洲文明征服、改造和消灭“野蛮”人种具有“合法性”。The term “Plinian Races”, used by European and American academicians to describe strange races in exotic lands, has influenced Europeans’ perspective upon exotic ethnic groups since the classical era, reflecting a self-centered racial viewpoint. After the discovery of the Americas, under the influence of this concept, Europeans strove to “prove” the existence of strange races or strange things in the Americas in order to reinforce a relative sense of racial superiority. From the “Plinian Races” perspective, Europe’s “civilization” and “rationality” were highlighted by the Americas’ “barbarism” and “evil”, and “nonhuman” indigenous groups taken as a proof that white Europeans were the “standard” races created by God. The “legitimacy” of European civilization’s elimination, conquest and transformation of the “barbaric” races was thus affirmed.

关 键 词：普林尼种族 印第安人 种族主义 欧洲中心主义 美洲 

分 类 号：D066[政治法律—政治学]