社区智慧养老服务供给——责任网络、现实约束与机制构建  

The Supply of Community-based Smart Elderly Care Services: Responsibility Network, Realistic Constraints and Mechanism Construction

作　　者：王成[1,2] 李东阳 周玉萍 WANG Cheng;LI Dongyang;ZHOU Yuping(School of Political Science and Public Administration,Shandong University,Qingdao 266200,China;School of Humanities and Social Sciences,Taiyuan University of Science and Technology,Taiyuan 030024,China;School of Public Management,Liaoning University,Shenyang 110036,China)

机构地区：[1]山东大学政治学与公共管理学院,山东青岛266200 [2]太原科技大学人文社科学院,山西太原030024 [3]辽宁大学公共管理学院,辽宁沈阳110036

出　　处：《人口与经济》2023年第1期120-138,共19页Population & Economics

基　　金：山西省民政政策理论研究重点课题“社区智慧养老服务供给机制创新研究”(MZ2021014);山西省教育改革(指令性)研究课题“专业学位研究生实践过程质量监控研究”(2020YJJG260)。

摘　　要：在信息科技与养老服务双向融合的时代背景下,社区智慧养老服务发展方兴未艾。优化社区智慧养老服务供给是构建整体性智慧养老服务布局的关键环节,对完善中国特色养老服务体系具有重要价值。运用多案例研究法,对北京、天津等国内多地典型社区智慧养老服务实例进行考察。研究发现,社区智慧养老服务模式是基础设施层、数据层、应用服务层、表现层的有机系统,各层均具有其特定结构和功能。其服务流程包括工单流转、工单生成、监督考评、收费核计、统计分析与服务调适六个闭环节点。基于服务流程推演,提出社区智慧养老服务供给主体责任网络,这一网络由老年人、信息技术系统、家庭系统、公共部门系统和社会系统彼此交互构成。这一责任网络搭载了社区智慧养老服务的功能集成,其对家庭养老功能、政府养老功能和社会化养老功能的实现均具有贡献。当前社区智慧养老服务存在发展难题,包括供给主体责任网络形态尚未成熟、作为责任网络枢纽的信息平台资源链接有限、智慧服务多维延展不足等多重现实约束。以“供给目标—供给主体—供给工具”三维分析框架,探讨社区智慧养老服务供给机制的系统构建;供给目标维度聚焦降低交易成本,供给主体维度关注多重协同赋能,供给工具维度则在于实现多种工具助推。Under the background of the two-way integration of information technology and elderly care services, the development of community-based smart elderly care services is in the ascendant. Optimizing the supply of community-based smart elderly care services is a key link in building an overall smart elderly care service layout, which is of great value in improving the elderly care service system with Chinese characteristics. Using the multi-case study method, the typical community-based smart elderly care service examples in Beijing, Tianjin and other places in China were investigated. It is found that the community-based smart elderly care service model is an organic system with an organic system of infrastructure layer, data layer, application service layer, and presentation layer, where each layer contains specific structure and function. Its service process includes six closed links: work order circulation, work order generation, supervision and evaluation, charge accounting, statistical analysis and service adjustment. Based on the service process deduction, the responsibility network of the main body of community smart elderly care service providers are proposed, which consists of the interaction of the elderly, information technology systems, household systems, public sector systems and social systems. This responsibility network is equipped with the functional integration of community-based smart elderly care services, which contributes to the realization of family elderly care function, government elderly care function and socialized elderly care function. At present, there are difficulties in development of community smart elderly care services, including multiple realistic constraints such as the immaturity of the responsibility network from the supplying body, limited resource links of information platform as the hub of the responsibility network, and insufficient multi-dimensional extension of the smart services. Based on the three-dimensional analysis framework of “supply target—supply subject—sup

关 键 词：社区养老 智慧养老 养老服务 责任网络 供给机制 

分 类 号：C913.6[经济管理]