四川广元植烟土壤微塑料分布状况分析  

Distribution of micro plastics in tobacco planting soil in Guangyuan,Sichuan Province

作　　者：刘琳琳 王鹏[2] 孙曙光[2] 张波 李媛媛 陈雨露 叶协锋 LIU Linlin;WANG Peng;SUN Shuguang;ZHANG Bo;LI Yuanyuan;CHEN Yulu;YE Xiefeng(Key Laboratory for Tobacco Cultivation of Tobacco Industry,National Tobacco Cultivation&Physiology&Biochemistry Research Center,College of Tobacco,Henan Agricultural University,No.95,Wenhua Road,Jinshui District,Zhengzhou 450002,China;Wuhan cigarette factory of Hubei China Tobacco Industry No.51,Huanhu Road,Jinyinhu office,Dongxihu District,Wuhan 430051,China)

机构地区：[1]河南农业大学烟草学院,国家烟草栽培生理生化研究基地,烟草行业烟草栽培重点实验室,郑州市金水区文化路95号,450002 [2]湖北中烟工业有限责任公司武汉卷烟厂,武汉市东西湖区金银湖办事处环湖路51号,430051

出　　处：《中国烟草学报》2023年第1期46-54,共9页Acta Tabacaria Sinica

基　　金：烟草行业烟草栽培重点实验室项目“植烟土壤肥力培育及提高肥料利用率技术研究”(No.30800665);湖北中烟“广元‘中棵烟高油分’优质烟叶开发技术研究与应用”(No.WH-2021-合同-0173)。

摘　　要：【目的】为明确植烟土壤微塑料分布特征,解决微塑料污染的环境问题。【方法】以四川省广元市剑阁县汉阳镇植烟土壤为研究对象,采集25个调查点的土壤样品,采用密度浮选法提取土壤微塑料,通过体式显微镜观察土壤样品中微塑料丰度、面积、颜色、类型和粒径。【结果】广元烟田土壤微塑料丰度范围在1.20×10^(2)~8.9×10^(2)pieces·kg^(-1),平均丰度为(4.81±3.53)×10^(2)pieces·kg^(-1),平均面积为(4.45±4.98)×10^(2)mm^(2)·kg^(-1);土壤中主要存在4种类型的微塑料,分别是薄膜、碎片、泡沫、纤维,占比最多的为薄膜类;颜色存在黑色和透明,绝大部分以透明状态存在。薄膜、碎片、泡沫、纤维类微塑料的粒径平均值分别为1.18、1.12、1.69和2.14 mm。土壤微塑料粒径为[0-0.5)、[0.5-1)、[1-2)和[2-5)mm的分别占微塑料总数的5.59%、28.28%、48.41%和17.72%;微塑料面积在[0-1)mm^(2)·piece^(-1)的面积占微塑料总面积的19.05%,该组微塑料面积占总面积的比例要显著低于其数量占微塑料总数量的比例(70.32%),土壤样品中面积小的微塑料数量占比多。【结论】广元烟田土壤微塑料粒径多位于[0.5-2)mm范围内,多以透明薄膜状态存在,且微塑料数量随其面积减小而增加,前作覆膜会提高土壤微塑料丰度。本研究揭示了广元烟田土壤微塑料赋存特征,为烟田土壤微塑料污染防控提供基础数据支撑。[Objective]This study aims to clarify the distribution of microplastics in tobacco-growing soils and solve the environmental problem of microplastics pollution.[Methods]The tobacco planting soil in Jiange Hanyang Town,Guangyuan City,Sichuan Province were taken as the research object,the soil samples were collected from 25 survey sites.The microplastics were extracted from soil using density flotation method,and the abundance,area,color,type and particle size of soil microplastics were observed with stereomicroscope.[Results]The research results showed that the abundance of soil microplastics in Guangyuan tobacco field ranged from 1.20×10^(2)~8.9×10^(2)pieces·kg^(-1),the average abundance was(4.81±3.53)×10^(2)pieces·kg^(-1),and the average area was(4.45±4.98)×10^(2)mm^(2)·kg^(-1).There were four types of microplastics in those soil samples including film,debris,foam and fiber,and film accounts for the most.Colors exist in black and transparent,and most of them exist in a transparent state.The average particle size of film,debris,foam and fiber was 1.18,1.12,1.69 and 2.14 mm,respectively.The soil microplastics with particle sizes of[0-0.5),[0.5-1),[1-2)and[2-5)mm accounted for 5.59%,28.28%,48.41%and 17.72%of the total microplastics,respectively.The area of microplastics in[0-1)mm^(2)·piece^(-1) accounted for 19.05%of the total area of microplastics.The proportion of microplastic area to total area in this group was significantly lower than the proportion of microplastic quantity to total number(70.32%),and microplastics with small area in the soil sample accounted for a large proportion.The microplastic area ranging from[0-1)mm^(2)·piece^(-1) accounted for 19.05%,which was significantly lower than the abundance of microplastics in the corresponding range(70.32%).The amount of microplastics in the sample soil increased with the decrease of area.[Conclusion]The partical size of soil microplastics in tobacco-planting fields in Guangyuan is mostly in the range of[0.5-2)mm,and most of them exist in the state

关 键 词：植烟土壤 微塑料 分布特征 四川广元 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程]