电梯轿厢气溶胶颗粒弥散分布及通风方式研究  

Study on Dispersion Distribution and Ventilation Mode of Aerosol Particles in Elevator Car

作　　者：苗露 石硕[1] MIAO Lu;SHI Shuo

机构地区：[1]山东建筑大学热能工程学院,山东济南250101

出　　处：《煤气与热力》2023年第3期25-31,共7页Gas & Heat

基　　金：国家留学基金委青年骨干教师出国研修项目(201809995007);山东建筑大学博士基金项目(XNBS1717);山东省自然科学基金项目(ZR2019MEE083)。

摘　　要：采用数值模拟方法,以人体口腔作为气溶胶颗粒喷射源,分析在不同通风方式下电梯轿厢内气溶胶颗粒的弥散分布、通风方式净化能力。通风方式1,轿厢顶部左右两侧各设置6个均匀分布的自然送风孔,底部左右两侧中间位置分别设置2个排风口。通风方式2,送风口设置在轿厢顶部后侧中间位置,排风口设置在底部左侧中间位置。通风方式3,送风口分别设置在轿厢顶部左右两侧中间位置,排风口分别设置在底部左右两侧中间位置。通风方式4,两送风口沿轿厢顶部3等分线分布,排风口分别设置在底部左右侧中间位置。人体说话产生的气溶胶颗粒运动过程与电梯轿厢的通风方式密切相关。自然通风的送风量小,无法有效排出电梯轿厢内气溶胶颗粒。在自然通风条件下电梯轿厢内,未佩戴口罩交谈所引起的病毒气溶胶颗粒传播感染风险极大。与通风方式2相比,通风方式3下发生病毒接触式感染风险更高。通风方式4的病毒气溶胶颗粒传播感染风险与病毒接触式感染风险均小于其他通风方式,通风净化能力理想。The dispersion distribution of aerosol particles in the elevator car under different ventilation modes and the purification ability of ventilation modes are analyzed by using numerical simulation method with human mouth as the aerosol particle injection source. Ventilation mode 1: 6 evenly distributed natural air supply holes are set at the left and right sides of the car top, and 2 air outlets are set at the middle of the left and right sides of the car bottom. Ventilation mode 2: the air supply outlet is set at the middle position at the rear side of the car top, and the air exhaust outlet is set at the middle position at the left side of the car bottom. Ventilation mode 3: the air supply outlets are respectively set at the middle of the left and right sides of the car top, and the air exhaust outlets are set at the middle of the left and right sides of the car bottom. Ventilation mode 4: the two air supply outlets are distributed along the car top in trisector, and the exhaust outlets are respectively set in the middle of the left and right sides of the car bottom. The movement process of aerosol particles produced by human speech is closely related to the ventilation mode of elevator car. The air supply volume of natural ventilation is small, which cannot effectively discharge the aerosol particles in the elevator car. In the elevator car under natural ventilation, the risk of virus aerosol particle transmission and infection caused by talking without wearing a mask is very high. Compared with ventilation mode 2,the risk of virus contact infection under ventilation mode 3 is higher. The risk of virus aerosol particle transmission and virus contact infection under ventilation mode 4 is lower than that under other ventilation modes, and the ventilation and purification capacity is ideal.

关 键 词：电梯轿厢 飞沫 气溶胶颗粒 弥散 通风方式 

分 类 号：TU834.8[建筑科学—供热、供燃气、通风及空调工程]