上海市2020—2021学年因病缺课监测系统结果分析  

Analysis of results of monitoring system of absenteeism from school due to illness in Shanghai City in 2020-2021 academic year

作　　者：裴梦云 徐新 闾雯霨 朱青春 张鹏 PEI Mengyun;XU Xin;LV Wenwei;ZHU Qingchun;ZHANG Peng(Graduate School of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Shanghai 201203,China)

机构地区：[1]上海中医药大学研究生院,上海201203 [2]上海市科技艺术教育中心卫生教育部 [3]上海健康医学院临床医学院

出　　处：《中国校医》2023年第1期11-13,21,共4页Chinese Journal of School Doctor

基　　金：2021年度上海市教育科学研究项目(C2021238)。

摘　　要：目的 了解新冠肺炎流行期间上海市学生因病缺课情况,为完善监测系统在学校传染病防控中的应用提供借鉴和科学依据。方法 用描述性流行病学方法,收集2020—2021学年上海市幼托机构及所有中小学校的因病缺课监测数据并对其进行统计分析。结果 2020—2021学年,上海市幼托机构学生人均因病缺课天数为2.10d,因病缺课率为16.50‰;中小学生人均因病缺课天数为1.98 d,因病缺课率为4.15‰,幼托机构的因病缺课率明显高于中小学生(χ~2=80.784,P<0.001)。在各地区的因病缺课率中,郊区居首位,为75.00‰;中心城区最低,为40.21‰,两地差异有统计学意义(χ~2=33.690,P<0.001)。学生因病缺课呈现秋冬及春季两个高峰。因病缺课症状构成显示,因病缺课排名前三的症状分别是咳嗽(47.92%)、发热(17.67%)、咽痛(6.18%)。因病缺课疾病构成显示,耳鼻喉疾病(25.23%)是因病缺课的主要原因,传染性疾病占17.12%,传染性疾病顺位前三位是水痘、手足口病、腮腺炎,构成比依次为6.25%、5.31%、2.64%。结论 学校应该根据传染病的分布特征,加大对疾病知识和防控的教育,扩大疫苗预防接种,降低学生缺课发生率。学校还应采取有效防控措施,减少秋冬、春季呼吸道传染病的发生。Objective To understand the situation of students’ absence from school due to illness during the coronavirus pandemic,so as to provide reference and scientific evidence for improving the application of surveillance systems in the prevention and control of infectious diseases in schools.Methods Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to collect and analyze the monitoring data on absenteeism due to illness in children’s institutions and all primary and secondary schools in Shanghai City in the 2020-2021 academic year.ResultsIn Shanghai City,in the 2020-2021 academic year,the average number of days of absence from school due to illness was 2.10 days per person,and the rate of absence was 16.50 ‰in childcare institutions,the average number of days of absence due to illness was 1.98 days per person,and the absence rate was 4.15 ‰ in primary and middle schools,and the absence rate in the kindergarten institutions was significantly higher than that in the primary and middle schools(χ~2= 80.784,P < 0.001).In the rate of absence due to illness in various regions,the suburb ranked first,with 75.00‰,the central urban area was the lowest,with 40.21‰,and the difference between the two places was statistically significant(χ~2= 33.690,P < 0.001).Students’ absence from school due to illness presented two peaks in autumn-winter,and spring.The symptom composition of absence due to illness showed three top symptoms:cough(47.92%),fever(17.67%),and sore throat(6.18%).The disease composition due to illness showed that ear,nose,and throat disease(25.23%) was the main reason,and infectious diseases accounted for 17.12%.The top three infectious diseases were chickenpox,hand-foot-mouth disease,and mumps,with composition ratios of 6.25%,5.31%,and 2.64% respectively.Conclusion According to the distribution characteristics of infectious diseases,schools should increase the education on disease knowledge,prevention,and control,and expand vaccination so as to reduce the incidence of students’ absenteeism.Schools should

关 键 词：学生 缺课监测 传染病 

分 类 号：R181.37[医药卫生—流行病学]