武汉某高校大学生面部皮炎患病情况及影响因素分析  

Prevalence and influencing factors of facial dermatitis among college students in a university in Wuhan City

作　　者：胡凯 HU Kai(Hubei University Hospital,Wuhan 430062,Hubei,China)

机构地区：[1]湖北大学医院,湖北武汉430062

出　　处：《中国校医》2023年第1期25-28,共4页Chinese Journal of School Doctor

摘　　要：目的 分析探讨某高校大学生常见面部皮炎发病情况与相关影响因素。方法 参与研究的面部皮炎患者以体格检查和调查问卷方式获得详细病史,部分患者行斑贴试验。结果 入选病例174人,男女比例为1∶4.44,平均年龄(20±19.22)岁。分类诊断为接触性皮炎(29.9%)、激素依赖性皮炎(21.3%)、特应性皮炎(12.1%)、季节性皮炎(14.4%)、脂溢性皮炎(8.0%)、日光性皮炎(4.6%)、其他类型皮炎(9.8%)。其中激素依赖性皮炎、特应性皮炎患者性别分布与总样本的比较差异有统计学意义(χ~2=10.590,P=0.001;χ~2=6.178,P=0.030)。患者皮肤油型最多(42.2%),皮损以红斑丘疹为主(87.1%),瘙痒症状最明显(84.2%)。睡眠时间、心理因素与面部皮炎的发病无关(P均>0.05)。斑贴试验总阳性率为72.4%,性别间阳性率差异无统计学意义(χ~2=2.882,P=0.089)。十二醇硫酸钠(20.09%)、脂肪酸硫酸钠(18.13%)、香料混合物(11.85%)是最常见的变应原。结论 某高校学生面部皮肤病以接触性皮炎、激素依赖性皮炎等为主,女生患病率更高。季节交替、环境干燥、饮食偏嗜均可能是各类面部疾患的致病或加重因素。斑贴试验是寻找过敏原的有效方法。Objective To explore the incidence and related influencing factors of common facial dermatitis among college students in a university.Methods The data of detailed medical history of the patients with facial dermatitis who participated in the study were obtained by physical examinations and questionnaires,and some patients underwent patch tests.Results Totally 174 cases were selected,the ratio of male to female was 1∶4.44,and the average age was(20 ± 19.22)years.Classification diagnosis showed that facial dermatitis included contact dermatitis(29.9%),hormone dependent dermatitis(21.3%),atopic dermatitis(12.1%),seasonal dermatitis(14.4%),seborrheic dermatitis(8.0%),solar dermatitis(4.6%),and other types of dermatitis(9.8%).There were significant differences between the gender distribution of patients with hormone dependent dermatitis,atopic dermatitis,and the total samples(χ~2= 10.590,P = 0.001;χ~2=6.178,P = 0.030).The skin oil type was the most(42.2%),the skin lesions were mainly erythematous papules(87.1%),and the pruritus symptoms were the most obvious(84.2%).Sleep time and psychological factors were not related to the onset of facial dermatitis(P > 0.05).The total positive rate of patch tests was 72.4%,and there was no significant difference between sexes(χ~2= 2.882,P =0.089).Sodium dodecanol sulfate(20.09%),sodium fatty acid sulfate(18.13%),and flavor mixture(11.85%) were the most common allergens.Conclusion The main facial skin diseases of college students are contact dermatitis and hormone dependent dermatitis,and the prevalence rate of girls is higher.Seasonal alternation,dry environment and diet preference may be the pathogenic or aggravating factors of various facial diseases.The patch test is an effective method to find allergens.

关 键 词：面部皮炎 分类诊断 斑贴试验 影响因素 

分 类 号：R758.22[医药卫生—皮肤病学与性病学]