滇西地区小麦地方品种SSR分子标记遗传多样性及亲缘关系分析  

SSR Markers Genetic Diversity Analysis and Genetic Relationship Analysis of Wheat Landraces from the West of Yunnan Province

作　　者：陈丹[1] 祝迪 周国雁[1] 武晓阳 伍少云[1] 蔡青[1] CHEN Dan;ZHU Di;ZHOU Guo-yan;WU Xiao-yang;WU Shao-yun;CAI Qing(Institute of Biotechnology and Germplasm Resources,Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Crop Gene Bank-Yunnan Branch/Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement in Southwest China,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Yunnan Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology,Kunming 650205;School of Biology and Chemistry Science,Pu'er University,Yunnan Pu'er 665000)

机构地区：[1]云南省农业科学院生物技术与种质资源研究所/国家农作物种质资源库-云南分库/农业农村部西南作物基因资源与种质创制重点实验室/云南省农业生物技术重点实验室,昆明650205 [2]普洱学院生物与化学学院,云南普洱665000

出　　处：《植物遗传资源学报》2023年第2期445-457,共13页Journal of Plant Genetic Resources

基　　金：云南省基础研究计划项目(2019FB054);国家自然科学基金项目(32260477);科技部、财政部国家科技资源共享服务平台(NCGRC-2021-030);云南省重大科技专项-生物资源数字化开发应用(202002AA100007);2021年云南省农业科学院科技创新及成果转化试点专项(202102AE090036-05);2021年云南省农业发展专项资金-农业种质资源和植物新品种保护项目-云南省省级农作物种质资源库建设。

摘　　要：作物种质资源鉴定评价是种质资源保护与利用的重要环节。滇西地区是云南省小麦地方品种最重要的原产地,分布有类型多样数量丰富的资源。开展分子遗传多样性分析对明确其遗传背景、提高育种利用率具有重要意义。本研究利用65个SSR分子标记对186份来源于滇西地区的小麦地方品种进行遗传多态性分析。共检测出等位变异407个,平均为6.26个。主要等位基因频率共计为36.1077,平均为0.5555。基因多样性指数总计为37.5473,平均为0.5777。多态性信息含量(PIC)总计为34.9924,平均为0.5383,变幅为0.1465~0.8356之间,多态性达到高度水平(PIC≥0.5)。A、B、D亚基因组中,基因多样性指数的平均值从高到低依次为B>A>D;7个同源群中,基因多样性指数的平均值变幅为0.5202~0.6508,最高为第四同源群,最低为第七同源群。聚类分析表明共分为2大类群,其中5份材料为第Ⅰ类群,主要为四倍体材料;181份材料为第Ⅱ类群,全部为六倍体材料。第Ⅱ类群中的铁壳麦单独聚为一类,其他地方材料大致可按临沧、保山、大理等相同地理来源聚为一类。主成分分析结果与聚类分析一致。上述结果表明滇西小麦地方品种遗传多样性丰富,是未来小麦育种改良的宝贵基因库。The identification and evaluation is an important research subject in the protection and utilization of germplasm resources.Wheat landraces from the western region of Yunnan province,P.R.China,were known with various types and abundant diversity.Analysis of their genetic diversity is of significance to accelerate their breeding utilization rate.In this study,65 SSR markers were used to analyze the genetic polymorphism of 186wheat landraces from the western region of Yunnan.A total of 407 alleles were detected,with an average of 6.26.The total of the major allele frequency was 36.1077,with an average of 0.5555.The total of gene diversity index was 37.5473,with an average of 0.5777.The total of polymorphism information content(PIC)was 34.9924,the average was 0.5383,the range were from 0.146 to 0.835,and the polymorphism reached high level(PIC≥0.5).Among subgenomes A,B and D,the average value of gene diversity index from high to low were B>A>D.Among the 7 homologous groups,the average value of gene diversity index ranged were from 0.5202 to 0.6508.the fourth homologous groups were the highest,and the seventh homologous groups were the lowest.Cluster analysis had showed two groups,of which in group I five samples expect a hulled hexaploid wheat landrace are tetraploid wheat,and in groupⅡ181 samples were hexaploid wheat.In group II,the landraces were clustered into subgroups mainly being coincidence with the geographical sources such as Lincang,Baoshan and Dali.The results of principal component analysis were consistent with those of cluster analysis.These results indicated that wheat landraces from the western region of Yunnan province had possessed high genetic diversity and were valuable gene bank for wheat breeding and improvement in future.

关 键 词：小麦地方品种 遗传多样性分析 SSR标记 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]