药西瓜,还是罂粟?——阿卡德语医药文献中的úÚKUŠ.GÍL(irru)  

Colocynth or Opium Poppy:úÚKUŠ.GÍL(irru) in Akkadian Medical Texts

作　　者：石欢 SHI Huan(Department of West Asian Languages and Cultures,School of Foreign Language,Peking University,Beijing 100871)

机构地区：[1]北京大学外国语学院西亚系,北京100871

出　　处：《中央民族大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2023年第1期46-61,共16页Journal of Minzu University of China(Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition)

摘　　要：罂粟是一种古老的药用植物。古代美索不达米亚地区出土的楔形文字泥版记载了植物úÚKUŠ.GÍL(irru)的使用情况,以苏美尔语、阿卡德语楔形文字书写的相关医学文献共有15篇,包括URU.AN.NA系列植物学文献、治疗头痛的泥版、治疗消化系统疾病的泥版、怀孕和分娩的泥版。本文以URU.AN.NA系列植物学文献为出发点,分别就泥版中所记载的植物特征、形态、使用部位、治疗功效和毒副作用进行梳理、辨析和讨论。借助植物úÚKUŠ.GÍL(irru)的治疗效果,讨论得出植物úÚKUŠ.GÍL(irru)是罂粟。Opium Poppy is an ancient medicinal plant. Cuneiform clay tablets unearthed from ancient Mesopotamia region have documented the use of the plantúÚKUŠ.GÍL(irru). There are 15 Akkadian cuneiform medical texts on the plantúÚKUŠ.GÍL(irru), including the Assyrian Pharmaceutical Series URU.AN.NA(mastakal), clay tablets about headache treatment texts, digestive diseases, pregnancy and childbirth texts. Based on the URU.AN.NA series of botanical documents, the article reviews, distinguishes and discuses the plant characteristics, morphology, medicinal parts, therapeutic efficacy and toxic side effects recorded in the clay tablets. With the therapeutic effect of plantúúKU?.GíL(irr?), the discussion draws the conclusion that the plantúÚKUŠ.GÍL(irru) is opium poppy instead of colocynth.

关 键 词：罂粟 楔形文字 医学泥版 古代美索不达米亚 古代两河流域医学 

分 类 号：G11[文化科学]