试管苗热处理结合茎尖培养脱除苹果矮化自根砧M9-T337、B9、GM256、M26病毒试验  

Experiment on the Removal of M9-T337,B9,GM256,M26 Virus from Apple Dwarf Self Rootstock by Heat Treatment of Test Tube Seedlings Combined with Stem Tip Culture

作　　者：李帼英[1] 杨俊霞[1] 周代琴[1] LI Guoying;YANG Junxia;ZHOU Daiqin(Gansu Tianshui Fruit Research Institute,Tianshui 741002,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃省天水市果树研究所,甘肃天水741002

出　　处：《果树资源学报》2023年第2期12-14,共3页Journal of Fruit Resources

摘　　要：【目的】苹果矮化自根砧脱毒苗木的推广应用,对推动苹果栽培制度的变革和果业增效、果农增收都具有重要的意义。【方法】对苹果矮化自根砧M9-T337、B9、GM256、M26茎尖和试管苗采用茎尖培养结合试管苗热处理脱除病毒方法,开展了脱毒试验。【结果】经检测,4个苹果砧木苹果褪绿叶斑病毒(ACLSV)茎尖脱毒率为7.1%,苹果茎尖病毒(ASGV)脱毒率为3.6%;二次茎尖热处理后,4个苹果砧木苹果褪绿叶斑病毒(ACLSV)脱毒率为51.0%,达到了预期的目标,对苹果矮化自根砧脱毒苗木的生产起到了促进作用。【结论】对脱毒后的材料送检,4个样品中苹果矮化自根砧M9-T337、TM26不携带苹果茎痘病毒(ASPV)、苹果茎沟病毒(ASGV)、苹果褪绿叶病毒(ACLSV)、苹果花叶病毒(APMV)、苹果诱果类病毒(ASSVd),病毒的脱毒率达到100%;B9携带苹果茎痘病毒(ASPV),GM256携带苹果褪绿叶斑病毒(ACLSV),这两种砧木病毒的脱毒率达到80%,脱毒效果较好,该方法可在苗木繁育中推广应用,以促进苹果矮化自根砧脱毒苗木的生产。【Objective】The popularization and application of virus-free seedlings of apple dwarf rootstock is of great significance to promote the reform of apple cultivation system,increase the efficiency of fruit industry and increase the income of fruit growers.【Methods】M9-T337,B9,GM256,M26 shoot tips and test-tube seedlings of apple dwarf rootstocks M9-T337,B9,GM256,M26 were virus-free by shoot tip culture combined with heat treatment of test-tube seedlings.【Results】The results showed that the virus-free rates of ACLSV and ASGV were 7.1%and 3.6%,respectively.After secondary shoot tip heat treatment,the detoxification rate of apple chlorotic leafhopper virus(ACLSV)in four apple rootstocks was 51.0%,which achieved the expected goal and promoted the production of virus-free seedlings of apple dwarf rootstocks.【Conclusion】After virus-free material inspection,apple dwarf rootstock M9-T337 and TM26 in the four samples did not carry apple stem pox virus(ASPV),apple stem groove virus(ASGV),apple chlorotic leaf virus(ACLSV),apple mosaic virus(APMV)and apple fruit-inducing virus(ASSVd).The virus-free rate reached 100%.B9 carried apple stem pitting virus(ASPV),and GM256 carried apple chlorotic leaf spot virus(ACLSV).The detoxification rate of the two rootstock viruses reached 80%,and the detoxification effect was better.This method can be popularized and applied in seedling breeding to promote the production of virus-free seedlings of apple dwarf rootstocks.

关 键 词：苹果矮化自根砧 茎尖培养 茎尖 热处理 脱毒 

分 类 号：S661.1[农业科学—果树学]