社会经济地位对不同类型城市居民心理健康的影响路径分析  

The influence of socioeconomic status on the mental health of different types of urban residents bypath analysis

作　　者：彭嘉怡 高博[1] 祝欢 李星玥 PENG Jia-yi;GAO Bo;ZHU Huan;LI Xing-yue(Department of Health Related Social and Social Behavior,West China School of Public Health,Sichuan University,Chengdu 610041,China)

机构地区：[1]四川大学华西公共卫生学院/四川大学华西第四医院,四川成都610041

出　　处：《中国健康教育》2022年第10期882-887,共6页Chinese Journal of Health Education

摘　　要：目的分析农转非居民和一般城市居民心理健康差异性,并探讨社会经济地位对两类人群心理健康的影响路径。方法于2021年3—4月,采用多阶段分层随机抽样方法,以面对面问卷访谈的方式对四川省的1106名18岁及以上居民进行基本信息、焦虑和抑郁情况调查。采用倾向性评分匹配方法均衡两类人群的年龄和性别差异,进而分析两类人群的社会经济地位、焦虑和抑郁水平,并构建结构方程模型探讨社会经济地位对居民心理健康的影响路径。结果倾向性评分匹配后,两组之间的年龄(χ2=-1.334,P=0.182)和性别(χ2=-1.653,P=0.098)差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。农转非居民的社会经济地位、收入(χ2=-11.302,P<0.001)、职业(χ2=-13.566,P<0.001)、文化程度(χ2=-11.422,P<0.001)均低于一般城市居民(P<0.05),焦虑(χ2=-2.116,P=0.034)、抑郁程度(χ2=-2.050,P=0.040)均高于一般城市居民(P<0.05)。不同人群类型对心理健康状况(λ=0.129,P<0.01)的间接影响有统计学意义,而直接影响无统计学意义,人群类型通过社会经济地位的完全中介效应对心理健康产生影响。结论农转非居民的社会经济地位及心理健康状况差于一般城市居民,社会经济地位是心理健康的风险因素之一,应采取多种措施提高农转非居民的社会经济地位,以改善他们的心理健康。Objective To understand the mental health disparity between urbanized residents and urban residents,and to explore the pathways of socioeconomic status on the mental health of the two groups.Methods From March to April 2021,a multi⁃stage random sampling method was used to investigate basic information,anxiety and depression in 1106 resi⁃dents aged 18 years and above in Sichuan Province through face⁃to⁃face interviews.Propensity score matching was used to im⁃prove the comparability of the two groups.The differences in socioeconomic status and levels of anxiety and depression be⁃tween the two groups of people were analyzed,and structural model equations were constructed to explore the pathways by which socioeconomic status influences residents′mental health.Results There was no statistically significant difference in age(χ2=-1.334,P=0.182)and gender(χ2=-1.653,P=0.098)between the two groups after propensity score matching(P>0.05),and the socioeconomic status which included income(χ2=-11.302,P<0.001),occupation(χ2=-13.566,P<0.001)and education(χ2=-11.422,P<0.001)of the urbanized residents were lower than those of urban residents(P<0.05),and anxiety(χ2=-2.116,P=0.034)and depression(χ2=-2.050,P=0.040)were higher than those of urban residents(P<0.05).The indirect effect of different population types on mental health sta⁃tus(λ=0.129,P<0.01)was statistically significant while the direct effect was not statistically significant.The population type influenced mental health through the fully mediated effect of socioeconomic status.Conclusion The mental health sta⁃tus and socioeconomic status of urbanized residents were worse than those of urban residents,and socioeconomic status is one of the risk factors for mental health.Policies and measures should be developed to improve the socioeconomic status of urban⁃ized residents to improve their mental health.

关 键 词：农转非居民 心理健康 社会经济地位 

分 类 号：R193[医药卫生—卫生事业管理]