礼的卡里斯玛——韦伯论中国的平衡与静态  

The Charisma of Rites:Max Weber on the Balance and Static State of China

作　　者：李明真 王诗瑜 Mingzhen Li;Shiyu Wang

机构地区：[1]北京大学哲学系宗教学系

出　　处：《国际社会科学杂志（中文版）》2022年第4期39-46,6,9,10,共11页International Social Science Journal（Chinese Edition）

摘　　要：对于中国未能自发地产生现代资本主义这一问题,韦伯在文明比较研究的基础上提供了一个典范性的回答。中国独具创造的科举官僚制,平衡了恣意的家产制君主支配欲求与地方望族的垄断欲求,代之以非世袭但享有社会特权地位的和平主义官僚阶层。士阶层与具有高度此世性、实践理性之官僚阶层的合体,决定性地将卡里斯玛日常化的方向塑造为以礼为具体呈现的现世秩序的神圣化,以礼与孝为核心的思想体系又反过来为士阶层的支配地位赋予了观念上的合法性依据。这一平衡、自洽的思想与支配结构是中国文明长期保持稳定与静态的原因,也窒息了极富潜力的新因素的发展。Weber provides a paradigmatic answer to the question of China’s failure to modern capitalism spontaneously based on a comparative study of civilizations. China’s unique creation of the imperial examination bureaucracy balanced the desire for domination by the arbitrary family monarchy with the desire for monopoly by local prestige families, replacing it with a pacifist bureaucratic class that was not hereditary but enjoyed a privileged position in society. The amalgamation of the scholar class with this-worldness, practically rational bureaucratic class decisively shaped the direction of charisma into the sanctification of the present order in the form of ritual, and the system of ideas centred on ritual and filial piety in turn gave conceptual legitimacy to the dominance of the scholar class.This balanced, self-consistent structure of thought and domination is the reason why Chinese civilization has remained stable and static for so long, but also has restricted the development of new elements of great potential.

关 键 词：卡里斯玛 士阶层 和平主义 官僚阶层 现代资本主义 典范性 日常化 神圣化 

分 类 号：D663[政治法律—政治学] K892.9[政治法律—中外政治制度]