我国安宁疗护十年回顾与展望  

Retrospect and prospect of ten years of palliative care in China

作　　者：王雨[1,2] 王岳 Wang Yu;Wang Yue(School of Medical Humanities,Peking University,Beijing 100091,China;School of Humanities and Social Sciences,Shanxi Medical University,Taiyuan 030012,China)

机构地区：[1]北京大学医学人文学院,北京100091 [2]山西医科大学人文社会科学学院,太原030012

出　　处：《中华现代护理杂志》2023年第6期710-716,共7页Chinese Journal of Modern Nursing

基　　金：2018年国家卫生健康委员会法制司项目(FZS2018-05)。

摘　　要：为应对逐渐深入的人口老龄化进程和社会不断激增的善终需求,党的十八大以来,我国着力发展健康服务业,积极探索生命终末期健康体系的发展路径。在充分研究调查的基础上我国开始积极推进安宁疗护的发展,前后共开设两批安宁疗护试点,并依据试点经验加强顶层设计。十年来,我国以专业服务团队建设、科研教学学术交流及运营管理绩效分配为抓手提升安宁疗护服务品质;积极引导社会大众认知转变,改善服务硬件设施,努力营造安宁疗护发展所需环境;以降低开设成本、分担支付压力为着眼点控制安宁疗护费用;从服务开设数量、患者准入条件、服务转介制度、止痛药品可获得性等角度出发提高安宁疗护可及性。经过十年的努力,我国安宁疗护发展进入快车道,标准化建设、资源优化配置、服务转型体系融合以及政策法律完善将是我国安宁疗护未来的发展方向。In order to cope with the deepening process of population aging and the increasing demand of the society for the end of life,since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China,China has focused on the development of health service industry and actively explored the development path of the end-of-life health system.On the basis of full research and investigation,China began to actively promote the development of palliative care,and set up two batches of palliative care pilots before and after,and strengthened the top-level design based on the pilot experience.In the past ten years,China has been improving the quality of palliative care services by focusing on the construction of professional service teams,scientific research,teaching and academic exchanges,and operation management performance distribution;actively guiding the public to change their cognition,improving the service hardware and facilities,and striving to create the environment needed for the development of palliative care;controlling the cost of palliative care with the aim of reducing the cost of setting up and sharing the pressure of payment;and improving the accessibility of palliative care from the number of services offered,patient admittance conditions,service referral system,and the availability of painkillers.After ten years of efforts,China's palliative care development has entered the fast lane.In the future,standardization construction,optimal allocation of resources,integration of service transformation system and improvement of policies and laws will be the development direction of China's palliative care.

关 键 词：综述 安宁疗护 生命质量 政策与立法 

分 类 号：R48[医药卫生—临床医学]