不同颜色育果袋对‘瑞雪’苹果果实品质的影响  

Effects of Different Color Fruit Bags on Quality of Ruixue Apple Fruits

作　　者：王子盾 王辉[1] 冯郁晨 张学良 闫雷玉 刘小杰 赵政阳[1] WANG ZiDun;WANG Hui;FENG YuChen;ZHANG XueLiang;YAN LeiYu;LIU XiaoJie;ZHAO ZhengYang(College of Horticulture,Northwest A&F University/Shaanxi Engineering Research Center of Apple,Yangling 712100,Shaanxi)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学园艺学院/陕西省苹果工程技术研究中心,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2023年第4期729-740,共12页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：国家苹果产业技术体系(CARS-27)。

摘　　要：【目的】探究不同颜色育果袋对‘瑞雪’苹果(Malus×domestica Ruixue)果实品质的影响,为生产高品质‘瑞雪’苹果提供理论依据及技术支持。【方法】以5年生‘瑞雪’苹果为试材,于花后70 d分别采用红、橙、黄、绿、蓝、靛、紫单层木浆纸育果袋进行套袋处理,以单层白色育果袋为对照,于花后190 d统一采收。采用光谱仪测定不同颜色果袋内透射光光谱,测定果皮叶绿素、果实可溶性固形物、总类黄酮含量、果实糖组分及香气物质含量等品质指标,通过相关性分析法探索光质与果实品质之间的相互关系,探讨不同光质对果实品质的影响。【结果】不同颜色育果袋内光质组成主要与果袋颜色有关,其中,与白色果袋对照相比,紫光、红光分别在对应颜色的果袋中透过率均为最高,分别为对照的1.15、1.13倍。不同颜色果袋处理后,果皮的L*和b*值均高于对照白色果袋,而a*值、果点指数、着色指数均低于对照。与其他彩色果袋相比,紫色果袋处理后的果皮叶绿素(0.0548 mg·g^(-1))、果实总酚(1.325 mg·g^(-1))、总类黄酮(1.361 mg·g^(-1))含量显著高于其他颜色果袋(P<0.05)。不同光质环境下,果实的硬度存在显著差异,红色果袋处理后的果实硬度显著低于对照白色果袋,较对照低16.1%。此外,其他果实内在品质测定表明,靛色果袋处理后,能够明显提高果实的风味,其中果实的可溶性固形物含量、可滴定酸含量、糖组分(果糖、山梨醇、总糖含量)及甜度值均呈现不同程度的提高。挥发性香气物质测定表明,蓝色果袋处理能够显著提高苹果的香气物质总量,比白色果袋处理提高了2.89倍。综合以上指标,将光质与各品质指标进行皮尔逊相关性分析,发现果实外观品质的形成与光质组成密切相关,其中,紫光/靛光、橙光、紫光/蓝光值与果皮L*、a*、b*值的相关性系数分别为0.901、0.810和0.854。与果实【Objective】The aim of this study was to explore the effects of different color of fruit bags on the fruit quality of Ruixue apple(Malus×domestica Ruixue),so as to provide the theoretical guidance and technical support for the production of high-quality Ruixue apples.【Method】The experimental materials were five-year-old trees of Ruixue using M26 as rootstock,bagged with red,orange,yellow,green,blue,indigo and purple single-layer fruit bags at 70 days after full bloom,with white bags as control.The fruits were harvested at 190 days after full bloom.The transmitted light spectrum of bags was measured by spectrometer.The indicators of fruit quality were determined,such as peel chlorophyll,ascorbic acid,soluble sugar and aroma compounds contents.To explore the effects of different light qualities on fruit quality,the relationship between light and fruit quality was analyzed by correlation analysis.【Result】The difference in the color of the fruit bags changed the composition of the light quality and had a positive correlations between light quality and fruit bags.Compared with white bag control,the transmittances of purple in purple bag were the highest,which were 1.15 times than that in white bag;meanwhile,the transmittances of red in red bag were the highest(1.13 times).The external quality of fruits was significantly improved after the treatment of different color fruit bags.Among the indicators,the L*and b*values of the peel were higher than white bag control,while the a*value,fruit point index and coloration index were lower.Compared with other color fruit bags,some indicators of purple fruit bags were significantly improved(P<0.05),such as chlorophyll(0.0548 mg·g^(-1)),total phenolic(1.325 mg·g^(-1)),and total flavonoid content of fruits(1.361 mg·g^(-1)).Under different light quality environments,there were significant differences in fruit firmness,and the fruit firmness of the red fruit bag was significantly lower,which was 16.1%lower than white bag control.In addition,other internal quality meas

关 键 词：苹果 ‘瑞雪’ 光质 育果袋 果实品质 

分 类 号：S661.1[农业科学—果树学]