数智赋能:智慧城市时代的应急管理  

Digital Intelligence Empowerment: Emergency Management in the Smart City Era

作　　者：周利敏[1,2] 罗运泽 ZHOU Li-min;LUO Yun-ze(School of Public Administration,Guangzhou University,Guangzhou 510006,China;Southern Center for Disaster Management,Guangzhou University,Guangzhou 510006,China)

机构地区：[1]广州大学公共管理学院,广州510006 [2]广州大学南方灾害治理研究中心,广州510006

出　　处：《理论探讨》2023年第2期69-78,共10页Theoretical Investigation

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“基于灾变场景的应急社会学体系研究”(20&ZD151)。

摘　　要：在“技术治国”的理念下,智慧城市已成为政府化解应急管理困境的战略选择。它满足了应急管理数字化与智能化的发展需求,有利于形成智慧性、集成性与弹性的创新场景。智慧城市应急管理模型由“技术—平台—沟通—决策—过程”等五个维度构成,从理论上看,智慧城市在应急管理领域的应用无疑是有益的探索,但还需在实践中进行验证,全球已出现了一些典型案例。与传统平台相比,智慧城市平台结合了5G、人工智能、大数据与区块链等前沿技术,是多种数字技术的集成与深化,它倒逼政府与民众进行合作,促进了“政府主导”向“应急共治”局面的转变。政府规划是应急管理能力提升的关键,政府需要将智慧城市纳入应急管理变革的政策范畴与行动纲领之中。尽管智慧城市建设为应急管理变革提供了前所未有的机会,但也可能存在技术潜力、网络风险、个人隐私、弱势群体与社会风险等“悖论性”陷阱,管理者需要规避其陷阱,尽力挖掘其政策含义并制定相关政策,才能有效推进中国特色的应急管理体系建设。Under the concept of "technology governing the country", smart city has become a strategic choice for the government to resolve the dilemma of emergency management. It meets the needs of digital and intelligent development of emergency management, and is conducive to the formation of intelligent, integrated and flexible innovation scenarios. This paper constructs the emergency management model of smart city from the five dimensions of "technology-platform-communication-decision-making-process". In theory, smart city is undoubtedly a useful exploration, but it needs to be verified in practice. There have been some typical cases around the world. Compared with the traditional platform, the smart city platform combines the cutting-edge technologies such as 5G, artificial intelligence, big data and blockchain, and is the integration and deepening of a variety of digital technologies. It forces the government to cooperate with the public and promotes the transformation from "government-led" to "emergency co-governance". Government planning is the key to the improvement of emergency management capacity, and the government needs to bring smart cities into the scope of emergency management change policies and action programs. Although smart city construction provides unprecedented opportunities for emergency management reform, there may also be "paradoxical" traps such as technological potential, network risks, personal privacy, vulnerable groups and social risks. Managers need to avoid the traps and try their best to explore their policy implications and formulate relevant policies in order to effectively promote the construction of emergency management system with Chinese characteristics.

关 键 词：智慧城市 应急管理 大数据 人工智能 灾害治理 

分 类 号：D630.8[政治法律—政治学]