豫南引种不同薄壳山核桃无性系果(核)与产量的数量性状研究  

Quantitative Characters of Fruit(Nut) and Yield of Carya illinoensis Introduced Clones in South Henan

作　　者：章理运 申明海 王晓云 邱林 余开慧 周宁宁 李凤英 吴文竹 周亚运 ZHANG Liyun;SHEN Minghai;WANG Xiaoyun;QIU Lin;YU Kaihui;ZHOU Ningning;LI Fengying;WU Wunzhu;ZHOU Yayun(Xinyang Institute of Forestry Science in Henan,Xinyang 464031,Henan China)

机构地区：[1]河南省信阳市林业科学研究所,河南信阳464031

出　　处：《河南科学》2023年第2期183-191,共9页Henan Science

基　　金：河南省科技攻关项目(222102110267);河南省科技兴林项目(2019 2022);信阳市科技攻关计划重点项目(160057)。

摘　　要：为探明豫南地区引种不同薄壳山核桃无性系间果(核)与产量数量性状的差异及遗传稳定性,进而对无性系进行评价,以16个薄壳山核桃无性系为试验对象,对其果(核)与产量的12个数量性状进行观测研究,分析性状的差异、变异系数、重复力,并对重要性状进行主成分分析.结果表明,不同薄壳山核桃无性系各性状指标之间的差异显著.坚果质量性状上,‘波尼’、132号、C21号、11号、13号、35号、64号等7个无性系坚果种仁较为饱满,质量较优;28号、104号、C10号、1号等4个无性系半饱或空瘪率较多.?果和核果的产量变异最大,变异系数平均值达49.37%和49.32%,单果质量、单核质量、青皮厚度变异系数的平均值分别为26.26%、20.48%、25.80%,?果长、宽,核果长、宽变异系数的平均值分别为9.37%、9.46%和7.36%、6.89%,变异较小.11个数量性状的重复力均在70%以上,其中,?果纵径的重复力最高(0.997),表明各无性系继承原株优良性状的比率较高.主成分分析表明,?果、核果的大小、质量和单株产量是影响薄壳山核桃综合性状的重要指标,其次是出核率、出仁率和坚果饱满率,反映了薄壳山核桃无性系数量性状的大部分信息,得出‘波尼’、35号、13号、64号等无性系的坚果综合性状较优.In order to find out the difference of fruit quantitative characters and genetic stability among introduced Carya illinoensis clones in the south of Henan Province,and then evaluate the clones,sixteen different C. illinoensis clones were used as test objects,and their 12 quantitative characters of fruit(nut)and yield were observed and studied. The differences,coefficient of variation and repeatability were analyzed and principal component analysis of important traits was carried out. The results show that,there were significant differences among the characters of different C. illinoensis clones. The yield variation of fruit and nut was most different,the average coefficient of variation was 49.37% and 49.32%,the average value of variation coefficient of single fruit weight,single nut weight and green skin thickness were 26.26%,20.48% and 25.80%,respectively,the average coefficients of variation of fruit length,width,nut length and width exhibited a little change which were 9.37%,9.46%,7.36% and 6.89%,respectively,the variation is small. The repeatability of 11 quantitative traits were all above 70%,the repeatability of the longitudinal diameter was the highest(0.997),which shows that the rate of inheriting good traits from original plant was higher in all clones. Principal component analysis indicates that the size,quality and yield per plant of the fruit and nut are important indexes affecting the comprehensive characters of C. illinoensis,the rates of kernel yield,kernel yield and nut plumpness were the next,and they reflected most of the information of quantitative characters of C. illinoensis clones. This study found that the comprehensive characters of‘Pawnee’,No.35,No.13 and No.64 were superior for locally planting.

关 键 词：薄壳山核桃 数量性状 变异系数 重复力 主成分分析 豫南地区 

分 类 号：S664.1[农业科学—果树学]