融合与重塑:锡克教对印度社会的影响  

Fusion and Remodeling: An Analysis of the Influence of Sikhism on Indian Society

作　　者：曲金帅 涂华忠 QV Jinshuai;TU Huazhong

机构地区：[1]云南民族大学 [2]西南政法大学总体国家安全观研究院、白昃战略研究院

出　　处：《南亚东南亚研究》2023年第1期30-42,153,共14页South and Southeast Asian Studies

基　　金：国家社科基金西部项目“西南边疆民族地区突发事件社会舆情预警及治理研究”(项目编号:21XSH007);教育部人文社会科学研究项目“新媒体时代涉及民族因素的网络舆情研究”(项目编号:20YJCZH129)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：锡克教起源于15世纪末16世纪初,最初仅是莫卧儿帝国旁遮普地区的一个地方性宗教。锡克教的起源和发展既有印度教和佛教的基础,也吸收了伊斯兰教和基督教的思想,时至今日成为了印度全国性的主要宗教之一。虽然锡克教在全球范围内仅有两千多万信众,占印度人口总数的比重也比较小,但是锡克教对印度社会的影响却不容忽视,甚至在一定程度上左右了近现代印度社会的走向。锡克教打破了印度社会统治、种姓歧视的枷锁,提倡任何种姓的人都应该人人平等,提倡对妇女尊重,冲击了印度教构建的社会秩序、宗教以及文化体系。锡克教见证了莫卧儿帝国不同王朝政权的更迭,其教义融合了伊斯兰教和基督教的思想,对印度宗教、社会以及文化也形成了较大的冲击。锡克教在莫卧儿帝国“王法”与“教法”相互博弈的大背景之下,逐渐由单一的宗教团体演变为宗教与政治结合的团体,与莫卧儿帝国的关系也由缓和走向紧张,并在很大程度上影响和塑造了印度社会。对于印度社会而言,锡克教作为本土产生的宗教,不仅融合了各种宗教的教义,在思想和理念上也提出了较大的创新,为印度社会的发展和变革带来了崭新的动力。Sikhism originated in the late 15th century and early 16th century. At first, it was only a local religion in the Punjab of the Mughal Empire. The origin and initial development of Sikhism has not only been the basis of Hinduism and Buddhism, but also absorbed the ideas of Islam and Christianity, and has become one of the major religions in India today. Although Sikhism has only more than 20 million followers in the world and accounts for a small proportion of India’s total population, its influence on Indian society can not be ignored, and even influenced the trend of modern Indian society to some extent. Sikhism broke the shackles of Indian social rule and caste discrimination, advocated that all people of any caste should be equal, and advocated respect for women, which impacted the social order, religion, and cultural system constructed by Hinduism. Sikhism witnessed the regime change of different dynasties in the Mughal Empire, and its teachings merged and absorbed the ideas of Islam and Christianity, which also had a great impact on Indian religion, society, and culture. Under the background of the game between “king law”and “teaching method” in the Mughal Empire, Sikhism gradually evolved from a single religious group to a group combining religion and politics, and its relationship with the Mughal Empire also changed from easing to tension, which influenced it to a great extent. For Indian society, Sikhism, as a native religion, not only combines some teachings of various religions but also puts forward great innovations in ideas and concepts.

关 键 词：印度 宗教 锡克教 民族 融合与重塑 

分 类 号：B982[哲学宗教—宗教学] K351[历史地理—历史学]