印尼的印度洋政策:利益、挑战及特点  

Interests, Challenges and Characteristics of Indonesia’s Indian Ocean Policy

作　　者：时宏远[1,2] SHI Hongyuan

机构地区：[1]贵州财经大学 [2]中国(昆明)南亚东南亚研究院

出　　处：《南亚东南亚研究》2023年第1期43-60,153,154,共20页South and Southeast Asian Studies

基　　金：国家社科基金项目“世界主要大国的印度洋政策研究”(项目编号:19BGJ003)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：随着全球化的日益深入发展以及海洋作用的不断凸显,印度洋在21世纪的战略地位越来越重要。印度洋不仅蕴藏着丰富的资源,尤其是能源,而且还汇集了世界上最繁忙的交通线,并充斥着不同形式的传统和非传统安全威胁。印度洋逐渐成为大国竞争和印度洋沿岸国家高度关注之地。印尼的地理位置十分特殊,坐落于印度洋和太平洋之间,是世界上最大的群岛国家,同时也是东印度洋一支重要力量。印尼在印度洋存在诸多利益,主要包括确保安全利益、增进经济利益、拓展政治利益等。为了维护和增进这些利益,提升在印度洋的存在,扩大在印度洋的影响,把本国建成“全球海洋支点”,实现本国的海洋雄心,印尼采取了一系列政策如打击非传统安全威胁、推进基础设施特别是港口建设、提升海军实力、积极参与印度洋组织活动、加强与印度洋国家合作等。另一方面,尽管印尼采取了很多政策,但这些政策在印度洋也面临不少挑战,如印尼经济实力不足、海军作用受限、缺乏统一的海洋管理部门等。这些挑战会束缚印尼在印度洋的活动,制约印尼在印度洋利益的促进。由于地理位置特殊,加之长期把战略重心放在国内和东盟,印尼的印度洋政策呈现出鲜明的三个特点,即影响不是非常大、比较注重防御以及警惕性特别高。With rich resources, especially energy, the Indian Ocean gathers the busiest traffic lines in the world, and is also filled with different forms of traditional and nontraditional security threats. Being geographically special, Indonesia, located between the Indian Ocean and the Pacific Ocean, is the largest archipelago country in the world, as well as an important force in the East Indian Ocean. Indonesia has many interests in the Indian Ocean, including ensuring security interests, promoting economic interests, expanding political interests, etc. In order to safeguard and enhance these interests, enhance its presence in the Indian Ocean, expand its influence in the Indian Ocean, becoming “Global Maritime Axis” and realizing its maritime ambitions, Indonesia has adopted a series of policies, such as combating non-traditional security threats, promoting infrastructure construction, especially for port, improving naval strength, actively participating in activities of the Indian Ocean Organization, and strengthening cooperation with Indian Ocean countries. However, although Indonesia has adopted many policies, these policies also face many challenges in the Indian Ocean, such as Indonesia’s insufficient economic strength, limited navy role, and the lack of a unified maritime management department. Due to its special geographical location and its long-term strategic focus on China and ASEAN, Indonesia’s Indian Ocean policy has shown three distinct characteristics, namely, not so great influence, relatively high focus on defense, and particularly high vigilance.

关 键 词：印尼 印度洋 全球海洋支点 印太地区 海洋安全 

分 类 号：P7[天文地球—海洋科学] D835.1[政治法律—政治学]