古代中印战争--另一种文明交流史  

Ancient Sino-Indian Wars: An Different History of Sino-Indian Cultural Exchanges

作　　者：廖波 LIAO Bo

机构地区：[1]信息工程大学洛阳校区

出　　处：《南亚东南亚研究》2023年第1期116-128,157,共14页South and Southeast Asian Studies

摘　　要：传统观点认为中印古代文明交流是和平的交往,但事实上中印两大文明板块间在古代也发生过战争。文忠攻罽宾是史书记载的中印文明板块间的第一场战争。汉代琉璃传入中国,罽宾起到了关键作用。而且精美的琉璃器物通常是作为“贡品”敬献的,这和汉武帝时期罽宾被汉朝羁縻有着直接的关系。大月氏和汉朝之间也有过战争,大月氏对佛教传入中国起到了重要作用。关于贵霜帝国的创建者,有“大夏说”和“大月氏说”两种说法,其中“大月氏说”更合理。大月氏建立了贵霜帝国,把中华文明的元素也融入了印度。唐朝的王玄策四使天竺、擒阿罗那顺,极大地促进了中印文明交流。王玄策能建功异域,一方面是由于当时大唐的政治军事影响力,但也和他出色的意志品质以及杰出的外交、军事能力有关。吐蕃王朝鼎盛时期,赤松德赞曾征伐天竺,一度占领恒河北岸,推动了藏地佛教的兴盛。中印文明板块间的战争还包括蒙古西征时期对印度河流域的入侵。而唐代唐蕃双方关于勃律的争夺应该算作中华文明板块的内部冲突。古代中印战争,其往往起到了扫清两大文明板块交流的政治和地理障碍的作用,使得东西交通更加便利,官方及民间的往来更加通畅,从而大大促进了文明的交流。The traditional view is that the exchanges between the ancient civilizations of China and India were peaceful, but in fact, there were wars between these two civilizations in ancient times. Wenzhong’s attack on Kophen made it a vassal state of the Han Dynasty, which played an important role in the introduction of glass into China. There were also wars between the Great Yuezhi and the Han Dynasty, and the Great Yuezhi played an important role in the introduction of Buddhism into China. There are two theories about the founder of Kushan Empire, “the Bactrian theory” and “the Great Yuezhi” theory, of which the latter is more reasonable. The Great Yuezhi established the Kushan Empire, incorporating elements of Chinese civilization into India. Wang Xuance of the Tang Dynasty visited India four times and captured Aronashun, which greatly promoted the exchanges between Chinese and Indian civilizations. On the one hand, it was due to the political and military influence of the Tang Dynasty, but it was also related to his outstanding charactors and diplomatic and military capabilities. During the peak period of the Tibetan Dynasty, Dezan Chishong invaded India and occupied the north bank of the Ganges River, which promoted the prosperity of Buddhism in Tibet. The war between the Chinese and Indian civilizations also included the Mongol’s invasion of the Indus Valley during its Westward Expedition. The conflicts and wars between Tang Dynasty and Tibet regarding the Bruzha should be regarded as the internal conflicts of Chinese civilization. The ancient Sino-Indian War often played a role in removing the political and geographical barriers that hindered the communication between the two major civilizations, making the east-west transportation more convenient and the official and civilian exchanges more smooth, thus greatly promoting the exchange between civilizations.

关 键 词：中印战争 罽宾 赤松德赞 王玄策 贵霜 

分 类 号：K234[历史地理—历史学] K242[历史地理—中国史] K351[军事—军事理论] E291E351