新鲜和老化生物炭对土壤氮淋失及油菜氮吸收的影响  

Effects of Fresh and Aged Biochar on Soil Nitrogen Leaching and Nitrogen Uptake of Rapeseed

作　　者：周咏春[1] 郭思伯 李丹阳[1] 李正龙 陈志敏 吴柳林 赵研[1,2] ZHOU Yongchun;GUO Sibo;LI Danyang;LI Zhenglong;CHEN Zhimin;WU Liulin;ZHAO Yan(School of Resources and Civil Engineering,Northeastern University,Shenyang 110819,China;Institute for Frontier Technologies of Low-Carbon Steelmaking,Northeastern University,Shenyang 110819,China)

机构地区：[1]东北大学资源与土木工程学院,辽宁沈阳110819 [2]东北大学低碳炼钢前沿技术研究所,辽宁沈阳110819

出　　处：《环境科学研究》2023年第3期581-589,共9页Research of Environmental Sciences

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务专项资金(No.N2201011,N2124007-1)。

摘　　要：粮食需求日益增加,为了实现增产,大量氮肥被施入土壤,而氮肥利用率较低导致土壤氮淋失严重,造成水体污染.生物炭施入土壤被认为是减少土壤氮淋失的有效措施.本文通过室内土柱模拟淋溶试验,共设置5个处理——对照(仅施氮肥,B0)、氮肥+1%新鲜生物炭(B_(1))、氮肥+4%新鲜生物炭(B_(4))、氮肥+1%老化生物炭(Ba_(1))、氮肥+4%老化生物炭(Ba_(4)).在植物-土壤-淋溶液系统内探究不同施加量的新鲜和老化生物炭对土壤氮淋失和油菜氮吸收的影响,并通过物质守恒定律来探究其对气态氮损失的影响.结果表明:与对照相比,添加1%和4%新鲜生物炭时土壤氮素含量分别提高4.63%和9.68%,淋溶液氮素含量分别降低33.91%和61.18%,油菜氮素含量分别增加40.70%和129.65%;添加1%和4%老化生物炭时土壤氮素含量分别提高7.46%和13.30%,淋溶液氮素含量分别降低53.68%和72.05%,油菜氮素含量分别增加78.20%和185.76%;气态损失的氮量随生物炭老化和施加量的增加而减少.研究显示,土壤中施加生物炭对于提高土壤氮素固持能力、减少氮素淋失、促进油菜氮吸收和减少气态氮损失均具有显著效果,且施加老化生物炭的促进效果优于新鲜生物炭,证明生物炭减少土壤氮淋失的效应具有长期性.With the increasing demand for food,a large amount of nitrogen fertilizer is applied into soil to increase yield,but the low nitrogen use efficiency results in serious soil nitrogen leaching and water pollution.Biochar application into soil is considered as an effective measure to reduce soil nitrogen leaching.In this study,five treatments were set up in the laboratory soil column simulation leaching experiment:only nitrogen fertilizer(B0),nitrogen fertilizer+1%fresh biochar(B_(1)),nitrogen fertilizer+4%fresh biochar(B_(4)),nitrogen fertilizer+1%aged biochar(Ba_(1)),nitrogen fertilizer+4%aged biochar(Ba_(4)).The effects of different application rates of fresh and aged biochar on soil nitrogen leaching and nitrogen uptake of rapeseed were investigated in the plant-soil-leaching system,and their effects on gaseous nitrogen loss were explored by mass balance.The results showed that compared with the control,the nitrogen content in the soil amended with 1%and 4%fresh biochar increased by 4.63%and 9.68%,respectively,the nitrogen content in leaching solution decreased by 33.91%and 61.18%,respectively,and the nitrogen content in rapeseed increased by 40.70%and 129.65%,respectively.Adding 1%and 4%aged biochar increased soil nitrogen content by 7.46%and 13.30%,decreased nitrogen content in leaching solution by53.68%and 72.05%,respectively,and increased nitrogen content in rapeseed by 78.20%and 185.76%,respectively.The amount of gaseous nitrogen loss decreased with the increase of biochar aging and application.Studies showed that the application of biochar in soil had significant effects on improving soil nitrogen retention capacity,reducing nitrogen leaching loss,promoting nitrogen uptake in rapeseed and reducing gaseous nitrogen loss,and the promotion effect of aged biochar was better than that of fresh biochar,which proved that biochar had long-term effects on reducing soil nitrogen leaching loss.

关 键 词：新鲜生物炭 老化生物炭 氮素淋失 氮吸收 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程]