Budyko框架下黄河流域蒸散发时空变化影响因素研究  

A study of influencing factors of spatio-temporal evapotranspiration variation across the Yellow River Basin under the Budyko framework

作　　者：王亚琴[1,2,3] 杨巍 邢博 罗毅 WANG Yaqin;YANG Wei;XING Bo;LUO Yi(Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,CAS,Beijing 100101,China;China Land Survey and Planning Institute,Beijing 100035,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;China Institute of Geo-Environment Monitoring,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京100101 [2]中国国土勘测规划院,北京100035 [3]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [4]中国地质环境监测院,北京100081

出　　处：《水文地质工程地质》2023年第2期23-33,共11页Hydrogeology & Engineering Geology

基　　金：中国科学院战略重点研究计划项目(XDA20060301);国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFC0501603)。

摘　　要：蒸散发是水循环过程中的重要环节,研究蒸散发时空变化影响因素,有利于认识区域水资源的时空分异规律。黄河流域地处干旱半干旱地区,水资源短缺且时空分布不均,水问题突出。在黄河流域分析蒸散发对变化环境的响应,揭示气候变化、植被季节性和物候变化的水文水资源效应,对地区水资源可持续发展和规划管理等具有重要的理论意义和现实意义。基于多元自适应回归样条(MARS)非参数模型,采用黄河流域内30个子流域的全球监测与模型研究组(GIMMS)制作的第三代归一化植被指数(NDVI_(3g))数据集、气象数据、土壤数据、土地利用/覆盖数据以及地形地貌数据,在Budyko框架下分析了水热耦合控制参数■与环境变量因子的关联性,探讨了变化环境对流域蒸散发的影响机制。结果表明:(1)流域水平衡关系的空间变异与流域水热耦合季节性、地形地貌空间变异性、降水的季节性特征(平均暴雨深度和降水变异系数)显著相关。(2)年际尺度上:流域水热的不同步性是影响流域水平衡年际分异最重要的气候季节性指数,水热的不同步性增大,流域的蒸散比减小,产流增加;降水越集中、年内变异程度越高、降水的季节性越明显,流域蒸散比越小;植被的季节性特征是影响流域水平衡的重要因素,植被生长越强,生长季长度越长,流域的蒸散比越大,产流系数越小。(3)环境变量之间存在较强的自相关性,协同演化并作用于流域蒸散发。Evapotranspiration is an important part of water cycle,and the study of evapotranspiration is conducive to understanding the spatio-temporal variation of regional water resources.The Yellow River Basin (YRB) is located in an arid and semi-arid region,and water resources are sparse and uneven in spatio-temporal distribution and the water issues are prominent.Analyzing the response of evapotranspiration to the changing environment in the YRB and revealing the hydrologic and water resources effects of climate change,vegetation seasonality and phenological variations are of great theoretical and practical significance for the sustainable development and planning and management of regional water resources.Based on the Multivariate Adaptive Regression Splines(MARS) non-parametric model,this paper analyzes the correlation between the water-energy coupling control parameter■and environmental variables under the Budyko framework by using the third generation normalized differential vegetation index datasets(NDVI_(3g)) developed by Global Inventory Modelling and Mapping Studies,meteorological data,soil data,land use/cover data and topographic and geomorphic data of 30 sub-basins in the YRB.The influence mechanism of changing environmental variables on evapotranspiration is discussed The results show that (1) the spatial variation of the water balance relationship is significantly correlated with the water-energy coupling seasonality,the spatial variability of geomorphology,and the precipitation seasonality(average storm depth and coefficient of variation of precipitation).(2) On the inter-annual scale,a) the water and energy synchronicity is the most important climate seasonality that affects the inter-annual water balance:as water and energy synchronicity increases,the evapotranspiration ratio decreases and runoff yield increases;b) the more concentrated the precipitation,the higher the annual variation and the more obvious the seasonal precipitation suggesting the smaller the evapotranspiration ratio;c) vegetation seas

关 键 词：蒸散发 Budyko 气候季节性 植被季节性 水热耦合理论 黄河流域 

分 类 号：P641.69[天文地球—地质矿产勘探]