中国新能源汽车中铜资源循环利用策略有效性评估  

Effectiveness evaluation of copper resource recycling strategies for China’s new energy vehicles

作　　者：安紫瑶 闫晶晶 安海忠[1,2,3] 李华姣 董迪[4] 刘蒙 任波[1,2,3] 李百华 AN Ziyao;YAN Jingjing;AN Haizhong;LI Huajiao;DONG Di;LIU Meng;REN Bo;LI Baihua(School of Economics and Management,China University of Geosciences,Beijing 100083,China;Key Laboratory of Carrying Capacity Assessment for Resource and Environment,Ministry of Natural Resources,Beijing 100083,China;Lab of Resources and Environmental Management,China University of Geosciences,Beijing 100083,China;Institute of Ecology and Sustainable Development,Shanghai Academy of Social Sciences,Shanghai 200020,China;Science and Technology Department,Hebei GEO University,Shijiazhuang 050031,China)

机构地区：[1]中国地质大学(北京)经济管理学院,北京100083 [2]自然资源部资源环境承载力评价重点实验室,北京100083 [3]中国地质大学(北京)资源环境管理重点实验室,北京100083 [4]上海社会科学院生态与可持续发展研究所,上海200020 [5]河北地质大学科技处,石家庄050031

出　　处：《资源科学》2022年第12期2440-2455,共16页Resources Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41971258,71991481,72173119);中央高校基本科研业务费专项(35832020054)。

摘　　要：中国新能源汽车尤其是电动汽车的快速发展引致铜资源需求快速增长,资源需求和产业链风险不断增大,亟需通过有效的循环利用策略降低对原生资源的需求压力,提升新能源汽车产业链的弹性和可持续性。本文基于中国新能源汽车发展规划,构建了铜资源—零部件—新能源汽车的分层级动态物质流模型,评估循环利用策略有效性,分析中国新能源汽车发展对铜资源的影响。研究表明:(1)新能源汽车中纯电动汽车是实现铜循环利用的主力,再生铜资源对资源供给总量的乘数效应逐渐显现;(2)电机和电池是实现新能源汽车中铜资源循环利用的关键零部件,再生铜循环利用水平不断提升;(3)实施单一循环利用策略的有效性有限,需要通过执行复合策略,在减少原生铜消费的同时,增加再生铜供给,降低铜废料产出。为了发挥再生资源正外部性对资源可持续发展的促进作用,推动原生铜消费与资源需求总量脱钩,需要铜产业、新能源汽车产业、报废汽车回收拆解产业、消费者及政府之间的多主体协同合作,推动中国新能源汽车中铜资源循环利用策略的有效实现。The rapid development of China’s new energy vehicles, especially electric vehicles, has led to the rapid growth of copper resource demand, and resource challenges and industrial chain risks are increasing. It is urgent to reduce the demand pressure on primary resources through adopting effective recycling strategies and improve the flexibility and sustainability of the new energy vehicle industry chain. Based on the development planning of new energy vehicles in China, we constructed a layered dynamic material flow model of copper resources-componentsnew energy vehicles to evaluate the effectiveness of recycling strategies and analyze the impact of China’s new energy vehicle development on copper resources. The results show that:(1) Batteryelectric vehicles are the main type of vehicles to realize copper recycling, and the multiplier effect of secondary copper resources on the total resource supply gradually appears;(2) Motors and batteries are the critical components to realize the recycling of copper resources in new energy vehicles, and the recycling level of secondary copper is improving;(3) The effectiveness of single recycling strategy is limited, and it is necessary to implement the composite strategy to reduce primary copper consumption, increase secondary copper supply, and reduce the copper waste output. Exerting the promoting role of positive externalities of secondary resources on sustainable development of resources and promoting the decoupling of primary copper consumption and total resources demand require multi-stakeholder collaboration between the copper industry, the new energy vehicle industry, the scrap vehicle recycling and dismantling industry, consumers, and the government, in order to promote the effective realization of copper resource recycling strategies for China’s new energy vehicles.

关 键 词：新能源汽车 原生铜 再生铜 循环利用策略 物质流分析 有效性评估 

分 类 号：F426.471[经济管理—产业经济] F426.32[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X734.2