生物有机肥替代部分化肥对旱地胡麻干物质积累及籽粒产量的影响  

Effects of partial substitution of chemical fertilizers with bioorganic fertilizers on dry matter accumulation and grain yield of oilseed flax in dryland

作　　者：胡亚朋 崔政军 高玉红[1,2] 吴兵 剡斌[1,2] 王一帆 刘江娥[1,2] 杨天庆 王海娣 马兴帮[1,2] HU Yapeng;CUI Zhengjun;GAO Yuhong;WU Bing;YAN Bin;WANG Yifan;LIU Jiang'e;YANG Tianqing;WANG Haidi;MA Xingbang(Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop,Lanzhou 730070,China;College of Agronomy,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou 730070,China;College of Life Sciences and Technology,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou 730070,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃省干旱生境作物学国家重点实验室,甘肃兰州730070 [2]甘肃农业大学农学院,甘肃兰州730070 [3]甘肃农业大学生命科学技术学院,甘肃兰州730070

出　　处：《甘肃农业大学学报》2022年第6期122-130,共9页Journal of Gansu Agricultural University

基　　金：财政部和农业农村部:国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-14-1-16);甘肃农业大学干旱生境作物学重点实验室主任基金课题项目(GSCS-2020-Z6);甘肃省教育科技创新产业支撑计划项目(2021CYZC-38);中央引导地方科技发展专项基金项目;甘肃农业大学伏羲杰出人才项目(Gaufx-02J05);国家自然科学基金项目(31760363)。

摘　　要：【目的】探究两种不同生物有机肥(肉蛋白生物有机肥M_(1)和爸爱我生物有机肥M_(2))替代部分化肥对旱地胡麻减肥增产的效果。【方法】以不施肥为对照(CK),研究了常规施肥(CF)、70%CF+30%生物有机肥(30%M_(1)、30%M_(2))、40%CF+60%生物有机肥(60%M_(1)、60%M_(2))和10%CF+90%生物有机肥(90%M_(1)、90%M_(2))对旱地胡麻生长发育特性及籽粒产量的影响。【结果】生物有机肥替代化肥不仅显著提高了胡麻地上干物质最大积累速率和平均积累速率,而且增加了胡麻成熟期的干物质积累量和生殖器官干物质的分配,其中,30%M_(1)干物质积累量增幅最大,较其他处理显著高出6.42%~41.74%,生殖器官干物质的分配较其他处理高0.23%~7.15%。生物有机肥替代化肥主要通过增加胡麻单株有效蒴果数和果粒数进而提高籽粒产量,30%M_(1)和30%M_(2)处理下胡麻籽粒产量较CF分别显著增加25.09%和23.84%,较CK分别显著增加40.32%和38.92%。【结论】30%有机肥替代化肥能促进胡麻生育后期干物质累积、胡麻籽粒干物质分配、提高胡麻单株有效蒴果数和每果粒数,进而提高胡麻产量。30%肉蛋白或爸爱我生物有机肥替代化肥可作为陇中地区比较适宜的减肥增产的施肥方式。【Objective】This study aimed to explore the effective of partial substitution of chemical fertilizers with two different bio-organic fertilizers(Roudanbai bio-fertilizer M_(1)and Baaiwo bio-fertilizer M_(2))in reducing chemical fertilizer application and increasing yield of dryland flax.【Method】With no fertilization as control(CK),the effects of conventional fertilization(CF),70%CF+30%bio-organic fertilizer(30%M_(1),30%M_(2)),40%CF+60%bio-organic fertilizer(60%M_(1),60%M_(2))and 10%CF+90%bio-organic fertilizer(90%M_(1),90%M_(2))on the growth characteristics and grain yield of oilseed flax in dryland were studied.【Result】The treatments of replacement partial chemical fertilizer with different bio-organic fertilizers not only significantly increased the maximum and average dry matter accumulation rates of oilseed flax above ground,but also increased the dry matter accumulation amount and the dry matter allocation of reproductive organs at the mature stage of oilseed flax.Among them,the dry matter accumulation under the 30%M_(1)treatment was higher by 6.42%~41.74%than those of other treatments.The dry matter distribution of reproductive organs was higher by 0.23%~7.15%than that of other treatments.Otherwise,the bioorganic fertilizer could increase the grain yield by increasing effective capsule number per plant and seed number per fruit.The yield under 30%M_(1)and 30%M_(2)treatments were significantly increased 25.09%and 23.84%when compared with CF and increased 40.32%and 38.92%when compared with CK,respectively.It indicated that 30%organic fertilizer substitute for chemical fertilizer can promote dry matter accumulation,dry matter distribution of oilseed flax at late growth stage,and increase effective capsule number per plant,seed number per fruit and so as to increase the grain yield of oilseed flax.【Conclusion】The results suggested that the substitution of chemical fertilizers with 30%bio-organic fertilizers could promote the accumulation of dry matter,the distribution of dry matter in flax seeds,

关 键 词：胡麻 生物有机肥替代化肥 干物质积累及分配 产量 

分 类 号：S141[农业科学—肥料学]