烟草漂浮育苗基质配方的筛选  

Screening of substrate formulation for floating seedling rearing of tobacco

作　　者：徐威 王晓巍 王文丽[3] 李娟[3] XU Wei;WANG Xiaowei;WANG Wenli;LI Juan(College of Horticulture,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou 730070,China;Vegetable Research Institute,Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Lanzhou 730070,China;Institute of Soil Fertilizer and Water Saving Agriculture,Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Lanzhou 730070,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃农业大学园艺学院,甘肃兰州730070 [2]甘肃省农业科学院蔬菜研究所,甘肃兰州730070 [3]甘肃省农业科学院土壤肥料与节水农业研究所,甘肃兰州730070

出　　处：《甘肃农业大学学报》2022年第6期131-139,共9页Journal of Gansu Agricultural University

基　　金：陕西省烟草公司咸阳市公司科技项目(2020610400200032);国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-20)。

摘　　要：【目的】筛选烟苗生长的最佳培养基质配方,减少烟草漂浮育苗草炭的使用,为提高高原牧区禽畜粪便循环利用提供理论依据。【方法】以腐熟羊粪、草炭、稻壳为主要原料,再加入珍珠岩配制成复配基质。以国产草炭为对照,研究9种复配基质的理化性质及其对烟苗生理指标的影响。9种复配基质为:T_(1)配方(羊粪∶草炭∶稻壳∶珍珠岩=2∶3∶0.5∶1)、T_(2)配方(羊粪∶草炭∶稻壳∶珍珠岩=2∶4∶0.75∶2)、T_(3)配方(羊粪∶草炭∶稻壳∶珍珠岩=2∶5∶1∶3)、T_(4)配方(腐熟羊粪∶草炭∶稻壳∶珍珠岩=3∶3∶0.75∶3)、T_(5)配方(羊粪∶草炭∶稻壳∶珍珠岩=3∶4∶1∶1)、T_(6)配方(羊粪∶草炭∶稻壳∶珍珠岩=3∶5∶0.5∶2)、T_(7)配方(羊粪∶草炭∶稻壳∶珍珠岩=4∶3∶1∶2)、T_(8)配方(羊粪∶草炭∶稻壳∶珍珠岩=4∶4∶0.5∶3)、T_(9)配方(羊粪∶草炭∶稻壳∶珍珠岩=4∶5∶0.75∶1)。并运用主成分分析综合评价了不同配比的烟草育苗复配基质。【结果】T_(2)配方容重、总孔隙度、pH、EC分别是0.24 g/cm3、70.34%、6.08、433μS/cm,符合烟草漂浮育苗基质的标准,出苗率达93.63%。对烟苗地上部干质量、地下部干质量、株高、茎粗、叶片中叶绿素含量、根系活力、总根长度、根表面积、根平均直径、根体积、根尖数等生长和生理指标进行主成分综合评分,T_(2)得分最高,为5.1325。【结论】以腐熟羊粪代替部分草炭的复配基质T_(2)配方(羊粪∶草炭∶稻壳∶珍珠岩=2∶4∶0.75∶2),在烟草漂浮育苗中效果最好,为本研究中最优基质配方。【Objectives】The aim of this study was to screen for the best growing matrix formulation for tobacco seedling growth,and to provide a theoretical basis for reducing the use of peat for floating tobacco seedlings and improving the recycling of livestock and poultry manure in plateau pastoral areas.【Method】The composite matrix was formed from decayed sheep manure,peat and rice husk,with the addition of some perlite.In this paper,peat was used as a control to study the physical and chemical properties of 9kinds of compound matrices and their effects on the physiological indicators of tobacco seedlings.The 9kinds of compound matrices were:T_(1)formula(sheep manure∶peat∶rice husk∶perlite=2∶3∶0.5∶1),T_(2)formula(sheep manure:peat∶rice husk∶perlite=2∶4∶0.75∶2),T_(3)formula(sheep manure∶peat∶rice husk∶perlite=2∶5∶1∶3),T_(4)formula(sheep manure∶peat∶rice husk∶perlite=3∶3∶0.75∶3),and T_(5)formula(sheep manure∶peat∶rice husk∶perlite=3∶4∶1∶1),T_(6)formula(sheep manure∶peat char∶rice husk∶perlite=3:5∶0.5∶2),T_(7)formula(sheep manure∶peat∶rice husk∶perlite=4∶3∶1∶2),T_(8)formula(sheep manure∶peat∶rice husk∶perlite=4∶4∶0.5∶3),and T_(9)formula(sheep manure∶peat∶rice husk∶perlite=4∶5∶0.75∶1).The Principal Component Analysis method was used to comprehensively evaluate and select the best matrix ratio suitable for growing tobacco seedlings.【Result】The bulk density,total porosity,pH and EC values of T_(2)formula were0.24 g/cm~3,70.34%,6.08 and 433μS/cm,respectively,which were in line with the standard of tobacco floating seedling rearing matrix,and the seedling emergence rate was 93.63%.In this study,principal component analysis was used to comprehensively score the growth and physiological indicators,of which T_(2)(5.1325)was the highest.【Conclusion】The composite substrate(T_(2))with the mass ratio of decayed sheep manure∶peat∶rice husk∶perlite of 2∶4∶0.75∶2 can be used as seedling substrate of tobacco

关 键 词：烟草幼苗 漂浮育苗 腐熟羊粪 主成分分析 

分 类 号：S572[农业科学—烟草工业]