高品质道地药材的科学内涵  

Scientific connotation of high-quality genuine medicinal materials

作　　者：孟祥才[1] 邓代千 杜虹韦 关瑜[1] MENG Xiang-Cai;DENG Dai-qian;DU Hong-wei;GUAN Yu(Heilongjiang University of Chinese medicine,Harbin 150040,China;Heilongjiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Harbin 150036,China)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江中医药大学,黑龙江哈尔滨150040 [2]黑龙江省中医药科学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150036

出　　处：《中草药》2023年第3期939-947,共9页Chinese Traditional and Herbal Drugs

基　　金：2020年国际自然科学基金区域联合项目(U20A2040);黑龙江中医药大学科研基金资助项目(201809)。

摘　　要：中药材来源由野生转为栽培是导致药材质量降低主要原因,阐明高品质道地药材及质量形成的科学内涵可为优质药材生产指明方向。动植物的基本代谢是相同的,次生代谢产物的生态作用与药材活性成分药理作用的生物学本质是一致的,在逆境胁迫状态下次生代谢产物具有较高的药理活性,药材质量最佳。围绕种质、环境和生产加工3方面,从生物进化和生理生态学角度,指出同物种的遗传物质的差异也较大,优质道地药材是以特化的种质为前提,种质是决定药材质量的生物学基础;环境是提高药材质量的基本条件,逆境通过活性氧操控次生代谢,增加次生代谢含量和高活性成分比例,从而提高药材质量;加工过程是利用植物细胞具有全能性和完整的次生代谢系统,在干燥过程中对新鲜药材部位实施逆境胁迫,短时间内提高次生代谢含量。高品质道地药材不仅主要成分含量较高,而且高活性成分含量也较高,从而保证了较高的疗效。The quality of Chinese medicinal materials has been reduced due to the conversion of medicinal materials source from wild to cultivation,the elucidation of the scientific connotation of genuine medicinal materials with characteristic of high-quality and quality formation can point the way to the production of high-quality medicinal materials.Because the basic metabolism of plants and animals are the same,the ecological effects of secondary metabolites are consistent with the biological nature of the pharmacological effects of active ingredients,and the secondary metabolites under the condition of adversity stress must have higher pharmacological activities,with a result of the quality of medicinal materials being enhanced under the condition of adversity.This paper,focuses on three aspects such as germplasm,ecological environment,and primary processing,from the perspective of biological evolution and plant physiology&ecology,points out that the intraspecific genetic differences are also greater,high-quality medicinal materials are based on the specialized germplasm,which is the biological basis for determining the quality of medicinal materials.The ecological environment is the basic condition for improving the quality of medicinal materials,and the adversity manipulates secondary metabolism through reactive oxygen species to increase the contents of secondary metabolites and the proportion of high active ingredients,and the quality of medicinal materials being improved.The processing process is to take advantage of cellular pluripotency and whole secondary metabolism existing in cell,and the adversity stress is applied to the fresh herb parts during the drying process,and the secondary metabolism contents are increased in a short time.High-quality genuine medicinal materials not only have higher contents of major components,but also higher contents of highly active components,thus ensuring a higher therapeutic efficacy.

关 键 词：道地药材 生理生态 种质 环境 质量 

分 类 号：R286[医药卫生—中药学]