保证金账户担保若干问题之探讨——兼评《民法典担保制度司法解释》第70条  

On Some Issues of the Guarantee of Margin Account:A Discussion with Reference to Article 70 of the Judicial Interpretation of the Security System of the Civil Code

作　　者：陈本寒[1] 贾雨荷 CHEN Ben-han;JIA Yu-he(Law School,Wuhan University,Wuhan 430072,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉大学法学院,湖北武汉430072

出　　处：《烟台大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2023年第2期30-40,共11页Journal of Yantai University(Philosophy and Social Science Edition)

基　　金：司法部国家法治与法学理论研究课题“企业存货动态质押担保融资研究”(19SFB2042)。

摘　　要：最高人民法院下发的《民法典担保制度司法解释》第70条将保证金账户担保定性为非典型担保,同时又规定担保权人对账户内的资金享有优先受偿权,该规定与非典型担保为债权性质担保的属性相冲突,保证金账户担保实为典型担保中的权利质押。作为权利质押的一种方式,保证金账户质押应当满足质押客体特定化和质押账户外观化的要求。就特定化而言,账户内的保证金债权虽然可以浮动,但不得突破预先设定的最低限额,这是确保保证金账户担保客体特定化的当然要求。就外观化而言,设立专门的保证金账户并加以明确标识,这一公示方法既符合账户质押的特点,也便于司法实务判断账户质押是否达到“合理识别”的标准。Article 70 of the Interpretation of the Security System of the Civil Code issued by the Supreme People’s Court recognizes the guarantee of margin account as typical guarantee,at the same time stipulates that the person entitled to the security interest has priority to be paid from the collateral pledge property.It deviates from the essential attribute of untypical security interest as creditor’s right.The guarantee of margin account is the pledge in rights in typical security interest.As a way of pledge of rights,the guarantee of margin account should meet the requirements of object specific and externalization of pledge account.In terms of specific,although the margin creditor’s right in the account can float,it shall not break the preset minimum limit,which is a certain requirement to ensure the specific object of the guarantee of margin account.In terms of externalization,the establishment of a special margin account and clear identification is not only in line with the characteristics of the account pledge,but also convenient to judge whether the account pledge meets the standard of“reasonable identification”in judicial practice.

关 键 词：保证金账户担保 账户质押 权利质押 债权质押 

分 类 号：D913.1[政治法律—民商法学]