半干旱草甸草地不同处理下植被特征与土壤酶活性的变化  

Changes in vegetation characteristics and soil enzyme activities under different treatments in semi-arid meadow grassland

作　　者：王志婷 刘廷玺[1,2,3] 童新 段利民[1,2,3] 李东方 刘小勇[4] WANG Zhi-ting;LIU Ting-xi;TONG Xin;DUAN Li-min;LI Dong-fang;LIU Xiao-yong(College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering,Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Hohhot 010018,China;Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Water Resource Protection and Utilization,Hohhot 010018,China;Collaborative Innovation Center for Integrated Management of Water Resources and Water Environment in the Inner Mongolia Reaches of the Yellow River,Hohhot 010018,China;Wulanchabu Hydrographic Survey Bureau,Wulanchabu 012000,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古农业大学水利与土木建筑工程学院,内蒙古呼和浩特010018 [2]内蒙古自治区水资源保护与利用重点实验室,内蒙古呼和浩特010018 [3]黄河流域内蒙段水资源与水环境综合治理协同创新中心,内蒙古呼和浩特010018 [4]乌兰察布市水文勘测局,内蒙古乌兰察布012000

出　　处：《草业学报》2023年第3期41-55,共15页Acta Prataculturae Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51620105003;51809141;51769020和52169002);内蒙古自然科学基金项目(2018ZD05;2018BS05001);教育部创新团队发展计划(IRT_17R60);科技部重点领域科技创新团队(2015RA4013);内蒙古农业大学高层次人才科研启动金项目(NDYB2017-24);内蒙古农业大学寒旱区水资源利用创新团队(NDTD2010-6)资助;内蒙古自治区草原英才产业创新创业人才团队(2012)。

摘　　要：不同草地处理措施对植被和土壤会产生重要的影响。为探究不同草地处理措施对草甸草地的影响,以科尔沁草甸草地不同点为研究对象,设置围封(UNM)、围封+刈割(M)、围封+火烧(F)、放牧(G)4种处理,针对生长季土壤脲酶(S-UE)、碱性磷酸酶(S-AKP)、蔗糖酶(S-SC)活性和植被特征等开展研究,以探究草甸草地的最佳处理方式。结果显示:1)土壤酶活性随着土层深度的增加而降低,不同处理间的差异随着土层深度增加逐渐降低。2)放牧较围封处理,不同点植被高度、盖度、地上生物量和酶活性均降低,而丰富度指数增加。3)刈割较围封处理,不同功能群物种的补偿能力不同,禾本科的补偿能力大于菊科。4)火烧较围封处理,不同点植被高度、盖度、地上生物量、丰富度指数和3种水解酶活性均增加。5)多年刈割较放牧处理,植被高度、盖度和地上生物量和蔗糖酶、碱性磷酸酶活性均增加,丰富度指数和土壤脲酶活性均降低。综上所述,控制性火烧是半干旱地区草甸草地的最佳处理方式。Different grassland development methods,for example,burning,fencing enclosure,and grazing,have different effects on vegetation and soil.To explore the influence of different grassland treatment methods on meadow grassland,several sites within Horqin meadow grassland were selected for study.Four grassland treatments were applied:Enclosure(UNM),enclosure+mowing(M),enclosure+burning(F),and grazing(G).The activities of soil urease,soil alkaline phosphatase,and soil sucrase as well as vegetation characteristics in the growing season were analyzed to explore the best treatment method for meadow grassland.It was found that:1)Soil enzyme activity decreased with increasing soil depth,and the differences among different treatments gradually decreased as the soil depth increased.2)Compared with UNM,G resulted in decreased vegetation height,coverage,aboveground biomass,and soil enzyme activity at different points,but a higher richness index.3)Compared with UNM,M resulted in different compensatory abilities of species in a range of functional groups.In M,the compensatory ability of Poaceae was greater than that of Compositae.4)Compared with UNM,F resulted in increased vegetation height,coverage,aboveground biomass,richness index,and activities of the three soil hydrolases at different points.5)Compared with G,M resulted in increased vegetation height,coverage,aboveground biomass,richness index,and soil urease activity,but decreased sucrase and alkaline phosphatase activities.In conclusion,our results show that controlled burning is the best development treatment for meadow grassland in semi-arid areas.

关 键 词：土壤酶活性 季节动态 不同处理 草甸草地 

分 类 号：S812[农业科学—草业科学]