农田不同排水措施地下排水效果模拟试验研究  

Simulation test study on subsurface drainage effect under different measures in farmland

作　　者：任晓磊 王少丽[1] 杨培岭[2] 陶园[1] REN Xiaolei;WANG Shaoli;YANG Peiling;TAO Yuan(Department of Irrigation and Drainage,China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research,Beijing 100048,China;College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]中国水利水电科学研究院水利研究所,北京100048 [2]中国农业大学水利与土木工程学院,北京100083

出　　处：《排灌机械工程学报》2023年第3期253-260,共8页Journal of Drainage and Irrigation Machinery Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(51779274);国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFC1508301)。

摘　　要：在地下水位较高、地表易于形成积水的中国南方地区,通过农田排水措施可以及时排除多余地表积水,快速降低地下水位,以达到排涝降渍、协同调控的目的.文中基于室内砂槽试验,揭示暗管排水、明沟排水、不同反滤体高度的反滤体排水及改进暗管排水等措施的地下排水规律及效果.结果表明:将暗管周围土体置换为高渗透性土体介质的改进暗管排水可明显提高排水流量,当土体置换高度达2 cm时(对应于田间条件40 cm),其排水流量均高于相同埋深条件下的其他排水措施,达暗管排水的1.59~1.66倍;改进暗排在地表积水消失时仍保持较大的排水流量,可达相同埋深暗管流量的2倍以上,在积水层消失后,能迅速降低农田土壤水的渍害胁迫,将地下水位降低至暗管埋设高度;在地表积水即将消失时,各种排水措施出现了流量与水头变化幅度较大的现象.相对于各种地下排水措施,改进暗管排水在除涝降渍中存在明显优势.研究结果可为涝渍灾害易发地区高效除涝降渍减灾工程设计和建设提供参考.The groundwater level is high and the surface is easy to form ponding in southern China,farmland drainage measures can timely remove excess surface ponding and quickly reduce the groundwater level,so as to achieve the purpose of drainage and water logging and coordinated regulation.Based on the indoor sand tank test,the law and effect of conventional subsurface drainage,open ditch drainage,different filter heights of filter drainage and improved subsurface drainage,etc.Were revealed.The results show that the improved subsurface drainage can significantly improve the flow rate by replacing the soil around the pipe with a highly permeable soil medium.When the soil displacement height reaches 2 cm(corresponding to 40 cm in field conditions),its flow rate is higher than that of other drainage measures at the same drain depths,which is 1.59-1.66 times that of conventional subsurface drainage.The improved subsurface drainage can still maintain a more significant flow rate at the critical point before the disappearance of ponding water,which can reach more than 2 times of the conventional subsurface flow rate of the same drain depth in the process of water receded.And after the disappearance of the ponding water,the improved subsurface drainage can rapidly reduce the waterlogging stress of soil water in agricultural fields and reduce the groundwater level until the height reaches the drain depth.When the ponding water disappears,various drainage measures have a significant change in the flow rate and water head per unit time.The improved subsurface drainage has apparent advantages in removing flooding and waterlogging,the flow and head greatly change compared with all kinds of subsurface drainage measures.The research results can provide a reference for the design and construction of efficient removing flooding and waterlogging of disaster reduction projects in waterlogging prone areas.

关 键 词：暗管排水 明沟排水 改进暗管排水 反滤体排水 砂槽模拟试验 

分 类 号：S276[农业科学—农业水土工程]