不同离子微咸水对土壤水力特性和生菜生长的影响  

Effects of saline water with different cations on soil hydraulic properties and lettuce growth

作　　者：乔若楠 程煜 闫思慧 罗敏 王春 张通港 张体彬 QIAO Ruonan;CHENG Yu;YAN Sihui;LUO Min;WANG Chun;ZHANG Tonggang;ZHANG Tibin(Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas,Ministry of Education,Northwest A&F University,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China;College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering,Northwest A&F University,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China;Institute of Soil and Water Conservation,CAS&MWR,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学旱区农业水土工程教育部重点实验室,陕西杨凌712100 [2]西北农林科技大学水利与建筑工程学院,陕西杨凌712100 [3]中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《排灌机械工程学报》2023年第3期288-295,共8页Journal of Drainage and Irrigation Machinery Engineering

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFC0403303);陕西省重点研发计划一般项目(2019NY-001);中央高校基本科研业务费专项(2452019079)。

摘　　要：为探究不同微咸水水质对土壤水力特性和作物生长的影响,在日光温室条件下,以生菜为供试作物开展2季盆栽试验.以CaSO4的饱和溶液为对照(CK),向去离子水中添加不同氯化盐形成电导率相同而阳离子组成不同的微咸水处理(分别为Na^(+)∶T_(Na);Na^(+)/K^(+)比为1∶1:T_(Na-K);K^(+)∶T_(K)),研究连续灌溉下土壤容重、持水性能、水盐运移,以及生菜生长响应,并采用van Genuchten模型对水分特征曲线相关参数进行拟合分析.结果表明:与CK相比,微咸水灌溉均增加了土壤容重,降低了土壤孔隙度;随着微咸水持续灌溉,土壤孔隙分布明显改变,微小孔隙比例增加,土壤持水能力显著提高,以处理T_(Na)最为显著.连续微咸水灌溉下,灌溉水钠吸附比、土壤结构稳定性阳离子比与土壤进气值参数存在负相关关系(R2均为0.78).土壤中盐分逐渐积累,表现为第2季生菜生长季末(播后80 d)各处理0~20 cm土壤饱和提取液电导率较第1季显著升高,其中CK显著低于其他处理(P<0.05),且表层土壤(0~10 cm)中盐分积累更为明显.生长季末土壤表层含水量较高,与盐分分布基本一致.与CK相比,处理T_(Na),T_(Na-K)和T_(K)显著降低了生菜生物量的积累(P<0.05),其中T_(Na)最低.In order to explore the effects of different saline water quality on soil hydraulic properties and crop growth,a two-season pot experiment was carried out for cropping lettuce in the solar greenhouse.Taking the saturated solution of CaSO4as the control(CK),different chlorides were added to deionized water to form three saline water treatments with different cationic compositions(Na^(+)∶T_(Na);Na^(+)/K^(+)of 1∶1:T_(Na-K);K^(+)∶T_(K))under the same electrical conductivity.The soil bulk density,water holding properties,water and salt transport,and lettuce growth were studied.The van Genuchten model was used to fit and analyze the soil water characteristic curve and the relevant parameters.The results show that compare with CK,saline water irrigation increases soil bulk density and reduces soil porosity.With the continuous irrigation of saline water,soil pore size distribution is significantly altered,and more micropores are formed,resulting in the improve water-holding capacity of soils.The most significant effect is observed in T_(Na).Both the sodium absorption ratio(SAR)and cation ratio of soil structural stability(CROSS)show negative correlations with the soil entry value parameters(α)(both R^(2)=0.78).Compare with SAR,CROSS could better reflect the potential changes in soil physical properties cause by the changes in ionic compositions of irrigation water.After continuous irrigation with saline water,soil salt accumulates gradually,indicating that the electrical conductivity of saturated extract(ECe)of soil at 0-20 cm depth at the end of the second season(80 days after sowing)is significantly higher than that in the first season.The ECeof CK is significantly lower than those of other treatments(P<0.05).Salt accumulation is more evident in the surface soil layer(0-10 cm).The soil moisture content in surface layer is higher at the end of the growing season,which is basically consis-tent with the salt distribution.Compare with CK,T_(Na),T_(Na-K)and T_(K)treatments significantly reduce lettuce growth(P<0.05),

关 键 词：生菜 微咸水 水分特征曲线 土壤盐分 土壤结构稳定性阳离子比 

分 类 号：S274.3[农业科学—农业水土工程]