四川阆中市邵家湾清代邵万全夫妇墓坊调查简报  

A Survey Report on the Stone Archway of Shao Wanquan Couple’s Tomb of Qing Dynasty at Shaojiawan in Langzhong City,Sichuan Province

作　　者：王彦玉[1,2,3] 于睿婷(执笔/绘图) 

机构地区：[1]四川省文物考古研究院 [2]南充博物院 [3]阆中市文物保护中心

出　　处：《四川文物》2023年第1期18-38,共21页Sichuan Cultural Relics

基　　金：2019年度省级文化和旅游融合发展重点工程“四川古代石刻文字调查与整理”;2020年度四川省省级科研院所基本科研费业务项目“川东北地区清墓碑坊的调查”。

摘　　要：2020年,四川省文物考古研究院等单位对四川阆中市邵家湾清代邵万全夫妇墓坊开展调查,对其进行测绘和拓片。墓坊为仿木结构,八字形,整体面阔五开间,七楼,庑殿顶,筒瓦屋面,上有宝顶,下有须弥座。正面刻满雕刻,有墓主夫妇坐像,八仙,福禄寿、花卉等吉祥图案以及戏曲雕刻等。一层各间都刻有文字,内容包括墓志、世系、诗词、对联等,由墓志可知,墓葬修建时间为咸丰九年(1859年),该墓为邵万全夫妇生前所建,为二位之“寿藏”。邵万全夫妇墓坊的调查为研究清代川东北地区墓坊结构、雕刻以及葬俗、文学、书法等提供了重要实物资料。In 2020,Sichuan Province Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology and other institutions carried out an on-site survey of the stone archway in front of the tomb of Shao Wanquan couple from the Qing Dynasty,which is located at Shaojiawan in Langzhong City,Sichuan Province.The stone tomb archway is a wooden structure imitation sitting on a sumeru plinth,which has a splayed plane shape,five bays wide,with 7 roofs covered with cylindrical tiles while the central one is a pitched roof with an exquisite top.The front side of the archway is engraved with symmetrical patterns,covering the doors and pillars of the first floor as well as the central and side bays of the second floor,including sitting images of the tomb owners,the Eight Immortals,auspicious patterns such as Fu Lu Shou(deities of happiness,wealth and longevity),flowers and traditional opera themes.After the Jiaqing period of the Qing Dynasty,stone tomb archway imitating wooden structure was very popular in the northeast of Sichuan,and under the influence of Sichuan opera,carvings in opera themes became popular as well.Each bay on the first floor is engraved with text,in the central bay the names and lives of the tomb owners are recorded in the epitaph.It is clear that the tomb was built in the ninth year of Xianfeng period(1859),before the death of the couple,which was a common burial custom in the northeast of Sichuan in the Qing Dynasty,with the intention of praying for longevity.The investigation of Shao Wanquan couple’s tomb provides important materials for the study of the structure and carvings of stone tomb archways and burial customs as well as literature,calligraphy etc.in the northeast of Sichuan in the Qing Dynasty.

关 键 词：墓坊 仿木构 八仙 戏曲雕刻 清代 

分 类 号：K878.8[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学] K249[历史地理—历史学]