三星堆一、二号祭祀坑出土铜器产地问题初论  

Preliminary Study on the Origin of Bronze Artifacts from Sanxingdui No.1 and No.2 Sacrificial Pits

作　　者：黎海超 朱亚蓉 余健 董静 张跃芬 卢林明 崔剑锋[5] Li Haichao;Zhu Yarong;Yu Jian

机构地区：[1]四川大学考古文博学院 [2]四川大学考古科学中心 [3]三星堆博物馆 [4]重庆市文物考古研究院 [5]北京大学考古文博学院

出　　处：《四川文物》2023年第1期85-98,共14页Sichuan Cultural Relics

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“三星堆文化与中国文明研究”(项目编号:21&ZD224)。

摘　　要：三星堆祭祀坑出土铜器的产地问题迄今未有定论。本文对一、二号祭祀坑出土的15件铜器进行了成分分析,结合以往发表的数据开展微量元素和铅同位素研究。结果表明三星堆祭祀坑中本地式和外来式铜器使用了相同类型的原料,且其所用原料与成都平原本土原料类型完全不同,而与殷墟、汉中、新干等铜器群所用原料关联密切,由此可知,至少部分祭祀坑铜器的原料是外来的。此外,祭祀坑中还发现非三星堆特征的铜尊,其圈足上有疑似铸造的三星堆特色的圆孔,暗示有“定制产品”的可能性。三星堆祭祀坑铜器的来源应十分复杂,可能包括殷墟、长江中下游以及三星堆本土等地点。铜器的风格、技术、原料、器用制度在不同层面实现了极为复杂的流动,这同时映射出晚商时期黄河流域和长江流域形成的资源流通和文化互动网络。No consensus has been reached about the provenance of the bronzes in sacrificial pits of Sanxingdui site.In this paper,15 Sanxingdui bronzes were analyzed for their trace element compositions.Together with previously published data,trace elements and lead isotope data were referred for provenance study.The results show that local style bronzes and foreign style bronzes were made by the same materials.The materials are different from the local ore sources in Chengdu Plains which had been used for a long time.However,the lead sources are the same with those used in Yinxu,Hanzhong,Xingan etc.The ore sources of partial Sanxingdui bronzes are then known to come from outside.Moreover,a typical non-Sanxingdui bronze zun vessel was probably cast with small holes around the ring foot which is a feature of Sanxingdui.The bronze vessel was possibly custom-made for Sanxingdui people.We believe that the origin of Sanxingdui bronzes is multiple and complicated.Yinxu and the powers in the Middle and Lower Yangtze River might be the origins.Moreover,some bronzes might be locally made.The style,technique,raw materials and function of Sanxingdui bronzes flow in an extremely complex model which discloses the resources circulation and culture interaction network between the Yangtze River and Yellow River in the Late Shang Dynasty.

关 键 词：三星堆祭祀坑铜器 微量元素 铅同位素 产地 文化互动 

分 类 号：K876.41[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]