低氧对鲂鲌杂交种F_(3)鳃结构及生理生化的影响  

Effects of Acute Hypoxia Stress on Gill Structure,Physiology and Biochemistry of Hybrid F_(3)of Blunt Snout Bream Megalobrama amblycephala♀×Culter Culter alburnus♂

作　　者：陈松林 林欣 郑国栋[1] 邹曙明[1] CHEN Songlin;LIN Xin;ZHENG Guodong;ZOU Shuming(Genetics and Breeding Center for Blunt Snout Bream,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China)

机构地区：[1]上海海洋大学,农业农村部团头鲂遗传育种中心,农业农村部淡水水产种质资源重点实验室,水产科学国家级实验教学示范中心,上海201306

出　　处：《水产科学》2023年第2期214-221,共8页Fisheries Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(31572220,32002381);国家重点研发“蓝色粮仓”项目(2020YFD0900400)。

摘　　要：向常氧[溶解氧质量浓度(7.19±0.23)mg/L]水中充入氮气或空气对鲂鲌杂交种(团头鲂♀×翘嘴鲌♂)F_(3)进行低氧[溶解氧质量浓度(1.04±0.12)mg/L]及复氧[溶解氧质量浓度(7.16±0.20)mg/L]处理,取常氧、低氧12 h、低氧24 h、低氧72 h及复氧24 h的鲂鲌杂交种F_(3)鳃组织,并利用苏木精-伊红染色、阿利新蓝-过碘酸染色、抗氧化酶活性测定、荧光定量PCR等技术,探究鲂鲌杂交种F_(3)鳃组织对低氧的适应性。试验结果显示:低氧处理72 h后,鲂鲌杂交种F_(3)的鳃组织层间细胞团宽度和鳃小片长度分别为(42.42±4.76)μm、(109.09±8.96)μm,鳃组织与水的接触面积较常氧显著增加;低氧胁迫显著降低了鲂鲌杂交种F_(3)鳃组织黏液细胞的密度,鳃组织分泌黏液减少;低氧胁迫下,鲂鲌杂交种F_(3)鳃组织的超氧化物歧化酶活性、丙二醛含量在处理72 h时最大,过氧化氢酶的活性在处理24 h时活性最大;低氧胁迫显著改变了鳃组织中caspase-3、Bcl-2的mRNA表达水平,但趋势各有不同,在低氧处理72 h组,caspase-3的mRNA表达量最大而Bcl-2的mRNA表达量最小;复氧处理24 h,鳃组织的各项生理生化水平指标及结构形态均有所恢复。综上,低氧环境会显著影响鲂鲌杂交种F_(3)鳃组织的形态结构、黏液分泌功能和抗氧化酶活性,但并未完全破坏其自我调节能力。By adjusting the amount of nitrogen or air in the water,hybrid F_(3)of blunt snout bream Megalobrama amblycephala(♀)×culter Culter alburnus(♂)was exposed to normal[dissolved oxygen concentration=(7.16±0.20)mg/L],low oxygen[dissolved oxygen concentration=(1.04±0.12)mg/L]and recover[dissolved oxygen concentration=(7.19±0.23)mg/L].Gills of hybrid F_(3)of normal,hypoxia 12 h,hypoxia 24 h,hypoxia 72 h and recovery were used as samples.Hematoxylin-Eosin staining,Alcian blue-Periodie acid Schiff staining,antioxidant enzyme activity determination,qRT-PCR and other techniques were used to explore the adaptability of gill tissue of hybrid F_(3)to hypoxia.The results showed that after 72 h of hypoxic treatment,the area of intercellular cell mass in gill tissue of hybrid F_(3)was significantly reduced,the length of gill lamellae was prolonged,and the contact area between gill lamellae and water was increased,so as to adapt to hypoxic environment.The area of interlamellar cell mass was recovered after reoxygenation.Hypoxic stress led to significantly reduce the density of mucus cells in gill tissue of hybrid F_(3),and reduce the secretion function of mucus in gill tissue.Under hypoxia stress,superoxide dismutase(SOD)activity and malondialdehyde(MDA)content in gill tissue of hybrid F_(3)were the maximum at 72 h,and catalase(CAT)activity was the maximum at 24 h.Hypoxia stress significantly changed the mRNA expression levels of caspase-3 and Bcl-2 genes in gill tissue,with the different trends.In the 72 h hypoxia treatment group,the expression level of caspase-3 gene was the maximum and that of Bcl-2 gene was the minimum.After 24 h of reoxygenation treatment,the structure,physiological and biochemical indices of gill tissue was recovered.In summary,hypoxia environment significantly affected the morphological structure,mucus secretion function,and antioxidant enzyme activity of gill tissue of hybrid F_(3),but did not completely destroy its self-regulation ability.

关 键 词：鲂鲌杂交种F_(3) 低氧胁迫 鳃重塑 抗氧化酶 细胞凋亡 

分 类 号：S965.199[农业科学—水产养殖]