渤海游泳动物群落结构季节变动  

Seasonal Variations in Community Structure of Nekton in the Bohai Sea

作　　者：胥延钊 单秀娟[2,3] 滕广亮 XU Yanzhao;SHAN Xiujuan;TENG Guangliang(College of Marine Science,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China;Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fisheries Resources and Ecological Environment,Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Qingdao 266071,China;Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes,Laoshan Laboratory,Qingdao 266237,China)

机构地区：[1]上海海洋大学海洋科学学院,上海201306 [2]中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所,农业农村部海洋渔业可持续发展重点实验室,山东省渔业资源与生态环境重点实验室,山东青岛266071 [3]崂山实验室海洋渔业科学与食物产出过程功能实验室,山东青岛266237

出　　处：《水产科学》2023年第2期260-267,共8页Fisheries Science

基　　金：科技部国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD0900906);山东省教育厅泰山学者建设工程资助项目。

摘　　要：基于2015年5月(春季)、8月(夏季)和2016年1月(冬季)3个季节的渤海游泳动物底拖网调查数据,分析游泳动物群落结构的季节变动。调查结果显示,调查共捕获96种游泳动物,其中鱼类55种、甲壳类37种、头足类4种。各季节优势种物种数为2~5种(相对重要性指数大于500),春季优势种为口虾蛄和脊腹褐虾,夏季优势种为鳀、口虾蛄、矛尾虾虎鱼、枪乌贼和葛氏长臂虾,冬季优势种为脊腹褐虾、矛尾虾虎鱼、葛氏长臂虾、日本鼓虾和斑尾刺虾虎鱼。游泳动物相对丰度在春季最小,为244尾/h,夏季最大,为11391尾/h;相对生物量在春季最小,为1.56 kg/h,夏季最大,为38.57 kg/h。从春季到冬季,渔获物相对丰度和相对生物量呈先升后降的趋势。物种丰富度指数为3.61~4.99,春季最高,冬季最低;香农-维纳多样性指数为1.83~2.40,冬季最低,春季最高;物种均匀度指数为0.49~0.59,冬季最低,春季最高。聚类分析和多维标度分析表明,渤海各海域游泳动物群落结构相似性并无明显季节变动。相似性百分比分析表明,渤海春、夏、冬季游泳动物群落结构的季节差异主要由鳀、枪乌贼和口虾蛄资源量季节变动所致。Based on the bottom trawl survey data of nekton in the Bohai Sea in May(spring)and August(summer)of 2015 and January(winter)of 2016,the seasonal variations in the community structure of nekton were analyzed.The results showed that 96 species of nekton were captured in the survey,including 55 species of fish,37 species of crustaceans,and 4 species of Cephalopods.There were 2 to 5 dominant species[index of relative importance(IRI)>500]in the survey.The dominant species were Oratosquilla oratoria,and Crangon affinis in spring,Engraulis japonicus,Oratosquilla oratoria,Chaeturichthys stigmatia,Loligo sp.and Palaemon gravieri in summer,C.affinis,C.stigmatia,P.gravieri,Alpheus japonicus,and Acanthogobius ommaturus in winter.There was the minimum(244 ind./h)relative abundance of nekton was in spring and maximum(11391 ind./h)in summer.The relative biomass was minimum in spring(1.56 kg/h)and maximum in summer(38.57 kg/h).From spring to winter,the relative abundance and biomass of nekton were increased firstly and then decreased.Margalef species richness index(D)was varied from 3.61 to 4.99,with the maximum in spring and the minimum in winter.Shannon-wiener′s diversity index(H′)was ranged from 1.83 to 2.40,with the minimum in winter and the maximum in spring.Pielou evenness index(J′)was ranged from 0.49 to 0.59,with the minimum in winter and the maximum in spring.Cluster analysis and multidimensional scaling analysis showed that there was inapparent seasonal variation in similarity of community structure among subseas of the Bohai Sea.SIMPER analysis revealed that the seasonal variations in community structure in spring,summer and winter were involved in the seasonal variations of resources of O.oratoria,Loligo sp.and E.japonicus.

关 键 词：优势种 多样性 多元统计分析 季节变化 渤海 

分 类 号：S931.1[农业科学—渔业资源]